{"id":50570,"date":"2025-12-16T07:12:47","date_gmt":"2025-12-16T05:12:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/?page_id=50570"},"modified":"2026-08-20T13:05:06","modified_gmt":"2026-08-20T11:05:06","slug":"despre-spania","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/calatorii\/despre-europa\/ginta-latina\/despre-spania\/","title":{"rendered":"&#x1f1ea;&#x1f1f8; Spania"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:6px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Steampunk-robot-cooking-paella-with-flair.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Steampunk-robot-cooking-paella-with-flair.png?resize=200%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-51755\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Steampunk-robot-cooking-paella-with-flair.png?resize=200%2C300&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Steampunk-robot-cooking-paella-with-flair.png?resize=683%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 683w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Steampunk-robot-cooking-paella-with-flair.png?resize=768%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Steampunk-robot-cooking-paella-with-flair.png?w=1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\"><em>O \u021bar\u0103 care arde \u00eencet,<br>se destram\u0103 \u0219i se recompune,<br>tr\u0103ind mereu<br>din propria cenu\u0219\u0103,<br>f\u0103r\u0103 a se vindeca pe deplin,<br>dar nici a se r\u0103ci vreodat\u0103.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"map_wrapper\" id=\"map_wrapper_40123\">\n<div class=\"map_box\" style=\"max-width:2000px\">\n<div class=\"map_aspect_ratio\" style=\"padding-top:75%\" data-padding-top=\"75%\" data-padding-top-mobile=\"0%\">\n<div class=\"map_container\">\n<div class=\"map_render map_loading\" id=\"map_40123\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<style>\n.uih{\n  --uih-gold:#c88a2e;\n  --uih-gold-dark:#9a661f;\n  --uih-ink:#2e2924;\n  --uih-muted:#746c63;\n  --uih-paper:#fffaf1;\n  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if(row && (e.key===\"Enter\" || e.key===\" \")){\n      e.preventDefault();\n      openDetail(row);\n      return;\n    }\n    if(e.key!==\"Escape\") return;\n    var root=e.target.closest(\".uih\");\n    if(root){\n      root.querySelectorAll(\".uih-chapter.is-open\").forEach(function(x){x.classList.remove(\"is-open\");});\n      var panel=root.querySelector(\".uih-detail\");\n      if(panel) panel.classList.remove(\"is-open\");\n    }\n  });\n})();\n<\/script>\n            <section class=\"uih\" id=\"uih-7e027422-d4f1-4561-8bbe-3ddb45c776b9\"><h3 class=\"uih-title\">De-ale istoriei<\/h3><div class=\"uih-track\"><div class=\"uih-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div><div class=\"uih-chapters\" aria-label=\"Perioade istorice\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"uih-chapter\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><span class=\"uih-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"uih-chapter-title\">Preistorie, primele comunit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i Iberia preroman\u0103<\/span><span class=\"uih-chapter-years\">1200000\u2013218 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop\" role=\"tooltip\"><span class=\"uih-pop-summary\">Peninsula Iberic\u0103 p\u0103streaz\u0103 unele dintre cele mai importante urme ale evolu\u021biei umane din Europa, urmate de neolitizare, megalitism, culturile bronzului \u0219i fierului, colonizarea fenician\u0103 \u0219i greac\u0103 \u0219i formarea lumii iberice, celtiberice \u0219i tartesiene.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-list\"><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1200000\u2013800000 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Atapuerca \u0219i primii hominini\" data-summary=\"Siturile din Sierra de Atapuerca p\u0103streaz\u0103 unele dintre cele mai vechi urme de hominini din Europa Occidental\u0103.\" data-details=\"Descoperirile de la Sima del Elefante \u0219i Gran Dolina au schimbat profund \u00een\u021belegerea popul\u0103rii timpurii a Europei.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1200000\u2013800000 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Atapuerca \u0219i primii hominini<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"900000\u2013750000 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Homo antecessor\" data-summary=\"Fosilele de la Gran Dolina au fost atribuite speciei Homo antecessor.\" data-details=\"Interpretarea taxonomic\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne discutat\u0103, dar situl are importan\u021b\u0103 major\u0103 pentru paleoantropologia european\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">900000\u2013750000 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Homo antecessor<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"430000\u2013300000 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Sima de los Huesos\" data-summary=\"La Atapuerca s-au g\u0103sit numeroase resturi umane apar\u021bin\u00e2nd unei popula\u021bii pre-neanderthaliene.\" data-details=\"Colec\u021bia este una dintre cele mai mari acumul\u0103ri de fosile umane din Pleistocenul mijlociu.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">430000\u2013300000 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Sima de los Huesos<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"250000\u201340000 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Neanderthalienii iberici\" data-summary=\"Neanderthalienii au ocupat peninsula timp de sute de mii de ani.\" data-details=\"Gibraltarul, El Sidr\u00f3n \u0219i alte situri au oferit date importante despre anatomie, diet\u0103 \u0219i comportament.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">250000\u201340000 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Neanderthalienii iberici<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"50000\u201337000 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Ultimii neanderthalieni\" data-summary=\"Sudul Peninsulei Iberice a fost mult timp considerat unul dintre ultimele refugii neanderthaliene.\" data-details=\"Cronologiile exacte sunt \u00eenc\u0103 discutate, dar regiunea r\u0103m\u00e2ne central\u0103 pentru studierea dispari\u021biei lor.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">50000\u201337000 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Ultimii neanderthalieni<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"42000\u201330000 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Homo sapiens \u0219i paleoliticul superior\" data-summary=\"Oamenii moderni s-au r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u00een peninsul\u0103 \u0219i au dezvoltat culturi aurignaciene \u0219i gravettiene.\" data-details=\"Arta, podoabele \u0219i tehnologiile litice indic\u0103 o via\u021b\u0103 simbolic\u0103 bogat\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">42000\u201330000 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Homo sapiens \u0219i paleoliticul superior<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"20000\u201314000 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Altamira \u0219i arta paleolitic\u0103\" data-summary=\"Pe\u0219tera Altamira p\u0103streaz\u0103 unele dintre cele mai celebre picturi rupestre ale lumii.\" data-details=\"Bizoni, cai \u0219i alte animale au fost reprezentate cu o remarcabil\u0103 utilizare a reliefului natural al st\u00e2ncii.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">20000\u201314000 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Altamira \u0219i arta paleolitic\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"30000\u201312000 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Arta rupestr\u0103 cantabric\u0103\" data-summary=\"Nordul Spaniei are o concentra\u021bie excep\u021bional\u0103 de pe\u0219teri decorate.\" data-details=\"El Castillo, Tito Bustillo \u0219i alte situri completeaz\u0103 patrimoniul paleolitic iberic.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">30000\u201312000 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Arta rupestr\u0103 cantabric\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"10000\u20136000 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Mezoliticul iberic\" data-summary=\"Dup\u0103 glacia\u021biune, comunit\u0103\u021bile au exploatat coastele, p\u0103durile \u0219i v\u0103ile fluviale.\" data-details=\"Economiile locale s-au diversificat \u00eenaintea agriculturii.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">10000\u20136000 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Mezoliticul iberic<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"5700\u20135000 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Neolitizarea litoralului mediteranean\" data-summary=\"Agricultorii au introdus cereale, animale domestice \u0219i ceramic\u0103 \u00een estul \u0219i sudul peninsulei.\" data-details=\"Ceramica cardial\u0103 a fost asociat\u0103 cu una dintre principalele rute mediteraneene de neolitizare.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">5700\u20135000 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Neolitizarea litoralului mediteranean<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"5000\u20134000 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Neoliticul interiorului\" data-summary=\"Agricultura \u0219i p\u0103storitul s-au extins treptat spre Meseta \u0219i nord.\" data-details=\"Modurile de via\u021b\u0103 agricole au coexistat mult timp cu v\u00e2n\u0103toarea \u0219i colectarea.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">5000\u20134000 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Neoliticul interiorului<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"4500\u20132500 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Megalitismul iberic\" data-summary=\"Dolmenele \u0219i mormintele colective s-au r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u00een vest \u0219i sud.\" data-details=\"Antequera \u0219i alte complexe monumentale reflect\u0103 societ\u0103\u021bi capabile de mobilizare colectiv\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">4500\u20132500 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Megalitismul iberic<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"3200\u20132200 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Los Millares\" data-summary=\"\u00cen sud-est s-a dezvoltat o cultur\u0103 fortificat\u0103 \u0219i metalurgic\u0103 complex\u0103.\" data-details=\"A\u0219ezarea Los Millares este una dintre cele mai importante ale eneoliticului european.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">3200\u20132200 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Los Millares<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"2500\u20131800 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Bell Beaker\" data-summary=\"Complexul campaniform s-a r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u00een peninsula iberic\u0103 \u0219i dincolo de ea.\" data-details=\"Iberia a fost unul dintre centrele importante ale acestei re\u021bele de mobilitate \u0219i prestigiu.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">2500\u20131800 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Bell Beaker<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"2200\u20131550 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"El Argar\" data-summary=\"Sud-estul peninsulei a dezvoltat una dintre cele mai complexe societ\u0103\u021bi ale epocii bronzului european.\" data-details=\"A\u0219ez\u0103rile fortificate, metalurgia \u0219i mormintele diferen\u021biate indic\u0103 o puternic\u0103 ierarhizare.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">2200\u20131550 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">El Argar<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1800\u2013800 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Bronzul atlantic\" data-summary=\"Vestul \u0219i nord-vestul Iberiei au fost integra\u021bi \u00een re\u021bele maritime de bronz.\" data-details=\"Schimburile legau Galicia, Portugalia, Bretania \u0219i Insulele Britanice.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1800\u2013800 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Bronzul atlantic<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1000\u2013550 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Tartessos\" data-summary=\"\u00cen sud-vest a ap\u0103rut cultura Tartessos, legat\u0103 de comer\u021bul cu metale \u0219i contactele orientale.\" data-details=\"Regiunea este cunoscut\u0103 din arheologie \u0219i din surse grece\u0219ti \u0219i feniciene.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1000\u2013550 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Tartessos<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"900\u2013600 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Fenicienii \u00een Iberia\" data-summary=\"Fenicienii au fondat colonii comerciale pe coastele sudice.\" data-details=\"Gadir, actualul C\u00e1diz, este unul dintre cele mai vechi ora\u0219e de origine fenician\u0103 din Occident.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">900\u2013600 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Fenicienii \u00een Iberia<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"600\u2013400 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Grecii \u00een nord-est\" data-summary=\"Coloni\u0219ti greci au fondat Emporion \u0219i alte puncte comerciale.\" data-details=\"Schimburile cu popula\u021biile locale au influen\u021bat dezvoltarea culturilor iberice.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">600\u2013400 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Grecii \u00een nord-est<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"600\u2013200 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Iberii\" data-summary=\"Coasta mediteranean\u0103 \u0219i sudul peninsulei au fost ocupate de comunit\u0103\u021bi iberice urbanizate \u0219i alfabetizate.\" data-details=\"Sculptura, monet\u0103ria \u0219i oppida indic\u0103 societ\u0103\u021bi complexe.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">600\u2013200 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Iberii<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"600\u2013150 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Celtiberii\" data-summary=\"\u00cen interiorul peninsulei, comunit\u0103\u021bi celtice \u0219i iberice au dezvoltat culturi mixte.\" data-details=\"Numantia a devenit unul dintre simbolurile rezisten\u021bei celtiberice.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">600\u2013150 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Celtiberii<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"600\u2013150 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Lusitanii\" data-summary=\"Vestul peninsulei era ocupat de comunit\u0103\u021bi lusitane \u0219i alte grupuri indo-europene.\" data-details=\"R\u0103zboaiele lor cu Roma aveau s\u0103 fie lungi \u0219i violente.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">600\u2013150 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Lusitanii<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"237\u2013218 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Cartaginezii \u00een Hispania\" data-summary=\"Dup\u0103 Primul R\u0103zboi Punic, familia Barcid\u0103 a construit o baz\u0103 de putere \u00een sud-estul Iberiei.\" data-details=\"Cartago Nova, actuala Cartagena, a devenit centrul expansiunii cartagineze.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">237\u2013218 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Cartaginezii \u00een Hispania<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"221\u2013218 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Hannibal \u0219i Iberia\" data-summary=\"Hannibal a consolidat domina\u021bia cartaginez\u0103 \u0219i a atacat Saguntum.\" data-details=\"Conflictul a contribuit direct la izbucnirea celui de-al Doilea R\u0103zboi Punic.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">221\u2013218 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Hannibal \u0219i Iberia<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"uih-chapter\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><span class=\"uih-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"uih-chapter-title\">Hispania roman\u0103 \u0219i regatele post-romane<\/span><span class=\"uih-chapter-years\">218 \u00ee.Hr. \u2013 711<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop\" role=\"tooltip\"><span class=\"uih-pop-summary\">Roma a cucerit treptat peninsula, transform\u00e2nd-o \u00eentr-una dintre regiunile cele mai romanizate ale imperiului; dup\u0103 criza antichit\u0103\u021bii t\u00e2rzii, vizigo\u021bii au construit un regat cu centrul la Toledo.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-list\"><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"218\u2013206 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Roma intr\u0103 \u00een Iberia\" data-summary=\"Armata roman\u0103 a debarcat \u00een nord-est pentru a lovi bazele cartagineze.\" data-details=\"R\u0103zboiul \u00eempotriva lui Hannibal a \u00eenceput transformarea Iberiei \u00eentr-un teatru de cucerire roman\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">218\u2013206 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Roma intr\u0103 \u00een Iberia<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"197\u2013154 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Primele provincii Hispania\" data-summary=\"Roma a organizat Hispania Citerior \u0219i Hispania Ulterior.\" data-details=\"Controlul efectiv era \u00eens\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 limitat la anumite regiuni.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">197\u2013154 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Primele provincii Hispania<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"181\u2013133 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"R\u0103zboaiele celtiberice\" data-summary=\"Roma s-a confruntat repetat cu triburile din interior.\" data-details=\"Conflictul a culminat cu asediul \u0219i distrugerea Numantiei.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">181\u2013133 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">R\u0103zboaiele celtiberice<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"155\u2013139 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Viriathus \u0219i r\u0103zboaiele lusitane\" data-summary=\"Viriathus a condus o rezisten\u021b\u0103 eficient\u0103 \u00eempotriva romanilor.\" data-details=\"Asasinarea sa a sl\u0103bit decisiv opozi\u021bia lusitan\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">155\u2013139 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Viriathus \u0219i r\u0103zboaiele lusitane<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"133\u2013133 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Numantia\" data-summary=\"Scipio Aemilianus a \u00eencercuit \u0219i distrus ora\u0219ul Numantia.\" data-details=\"Rezisten\u021ba numantin\u0103 a devenit ulterior simbol al eroismului na\u021bional.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">133\u2013133 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Numantia<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"29\u201319 \u00ee.Hr.\" data-title=\"Cucerirea nordului\" data-summary=\"R\u0103zboaiele cantabrice au adus ultimele mari teritorii independente sub control roman.\" data-details=\"Augustus a \u00eencheiat cucerirea militar\u0103 a peninsulei.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">29\u201319 \u00ee.Hr.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Cucerirea nordului<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"27 \u00ee.Hr. \u2013 14\" data-title=\"Hispania augustan\u0103\" data-summary=\"Augustus a reorganizat provinciile \u0219i administra\u021bia.\" data-details=\"Baetica, Lusitania \u0219i Tarraconensis au devenit marile unit\u0103\u021bi teritoriale.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">27 \u00ee.Hr. \u2013 14<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Hispania augustan\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1 \u2013 200\" data-title=\"Romanizarea urban\u0103\" data-summary=\"Ora\u0219ele, drumurile, apeductele \u0219i forumurile s-au extins \u00een \u00eentreaga peninsul\u0103.\" data-details=\"Emerita Augusta, Tarraco, Corduba \u0219i Caesaraugusta au devenit mari centre romane.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1 \u2013 200<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Romanizarea urban\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"25 \u00ee.Hr. \u2013 200\" data-title=\"Emerita Augusta\" data-summary=\"M\u00e9rida a fost fondat\u0103 pentru veterani \u0219i a devenit capitala Lusitaniei.\" data-details=\"Teatrul, amfiteatrul \u0219i podurile sale ilustreaz\u0103 monumentalitatea roman\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">25 \u00ee.Hr. \u2013 200<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Emerita Augusta<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"50 \u2013 150\" data-title=\"Segovia \u0219i apeductele romane\" data-summary=\"Sistemele de aduc\u021biune a apei au sus\u021binut urbanizarea.\" data-details=\"Apeductul din Segovia a devenit unul dintre cele mai bine p\u0103strate monumente romane ale peninsulei.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">50 \u2013 150<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Segovia \u0219i apeductele romane<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1 \u2013 250\" data-title=\"Baetica \u0219i economia imperial\u0103\" data-summary=\"Sudul Hispaniei a exportat ulei, vin \u0219i produse agricole \u00een \u00eentreg imperiul.\" data-details=\"Amforele de ulei din Baetica sunt omniprezente \u00een siturile romane occidentale.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1 \u2013 250<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Baetica \u0219i economia imperial\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1 \u2013 100\" data-title=\"Seneca, Lucan \u0219i cultura hispano-roman\u0103\" data-summary=\"Elite originare din Hispania au ajuns \u00een centrul vie\u021bii culturale \u0219i politice romane.\" data-details=\"Seneca \u0219i Lucan s-au num\u0103rat printre cele mai importante figuri literare ale epocii.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1 \u2013 100<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Seneca, Lucan \u0219i cultura hispano-roman\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"98 \u2013 138\" data-title=\"Traian \u0219i Hadrian\" data-summary=\"Doi \u00eemp\u0103ra\u021bi n\u0103scu\u021bi \u00een Hispania au condus Imperiul Roman.\" data-details=\"Originea lor ilustreaz\u0103 integrarea deplin\u0103 a elitelor provinciale \u00een aristocra\u021bia imperial\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">98 \u2013 138<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Traian \u0219i Hadrian<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"200 \u2013 313\" data-title=\"Cre\u0219tinismul \u00een Hispania\" data-summary=\"Comunit\u0103\u021bi cre\u0219tine au ap\u0103rut \u00een marile ora\u0219e \u0219i au trecut prin perioade de persecu\u021bie.\" data-details=\"Dup\u0103 legalizare, episcopiile hispanice au devenit influente.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">200 \u2013 313<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Cre\u0219tinismul \u00een Hispania<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"284 \u2013 409\" data-title=\"Hispania t\u00e2rzie\" data-summary=\"Reformele imperiale au reorganizat provinciile \u0219i fiscalitatea.\" data-details=\"Vilele rurale \u0219i Biserica au devenit institu\u021bii tot mai importante.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">284 \u2013 409<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Hispania t\u00e2rzie<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"409 \u2013 418\" data-title=\"Invaziile din 409\" data-summary=\"Vandali, suevi \u0219i alani au traversat Pirineii \u0219i s-au stabilit \u00een peninsul\u0103.\" data-details=\"Ordinea roman\u0103 a \u00eenceput s\u0103 se fragmenteze rapid.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">409 \u2013 418<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Invaziile din 409<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"409 \u00ee.Hr. \u2013 585\" data-title=\"Regatul suev\" data-summary=\"Suevii au creat un regat \u00een Galicia \u0219i nordul Lusitaniei.\" data-details=\"A fost unul dintre primele regate post-romane stabile din Europa occidental\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">409 \u00ee.Hr. \u2013 585<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Regatul suev<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"418 \u2013 507\" data-title=\"Vizigo\u021bii \u00een Hispania\" data-summary=\"Vizigo\u021bii au intervenit ini\u021bial ca federa\u021bi ai Romei \u0219i \u0219i-au extins influen\u021ba din Galia.\" data-details=\"Dup\u0103 pierderea Toulouse-ului, centrul puterii lor s-a deplasat spre Hispania.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">418 \u2013 507<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Vizigo\u021bii \u00een Hispania<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"507 \u2013 589\" data-title=\"Regatul vizigot de Toledo\" data-summary=\"Toledo a devenit centrul politic al regatului vizigot.\" data-details=\"Monarhia a \u00eencercat s\u0103 uneasc\u0103 popula\u021bia gotic\u0103 arian\u0103 \u0219i majoritatea hispano-roman\u0103 catolic\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">507 \u2013 589<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Regatul vizigot de Toledo<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"568 \u2013 586\" data-title=\"Leovigild\" data-summary=\"Regele a extins controlul asupra peninsulei \u0219i a consolidat monarhia.\" data-details=\"A cucerit regatul suev \u0219i a \u00eencercat uniformizarea politic\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">568 \u2013 586<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Leovigild<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"589 \u2013 589\" data-title=\"Recared \u0219i convertirea la catolicism\" data-summary=\"Recared a abandonat arianismul \u0219i a adoptat catolicismul.\" data-details=\"Conversia a apropiat monarhia de episcopatul hispano-roman.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">589 \u2013 589<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Recared \u0219i convertirea la catolicism<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"589 \u2013 700\" data-title=\"Conciliile de la Toledo\" data-summary=\"Conciliile au devenit forumuri religioase \u0219i politice majore.\" data-details=\"Biserica a jucat un rol central \u00een legitimarea monarhiei.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">589 \u2013 700<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Conciliile de la Toledo<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"654 \u2013 654\" data-title=\"Codificarea vizigot\u0103\" data-summary=\"Liber Iudiciorum a unificat dreptul pentru popula\u021biile regatului.\" data-details=\"Codul a influen\u021bat tradi\u021biile juridice medievale iberice.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">654 \u2013 654<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Codificarea vizigot\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"680 \u2013 711\" data-title=\"Criza final\u0103 a regatului vizigot\" data-summary=\"Luptele dinastice \u0219i rivalit\u0103\u021bile aristocratice au sl\u0103bit regatul.\" data-details=\"Instabilitatea a facilitat cucerirea islamic\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">680 \u2013 711<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Criza final\u0103 a regatului vizigot<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"uih-chapter\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><span class=\"uih-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"uih-chapter-title\">Al-Andalus, regatele cre\u0219tine \u0219i Reconquista<\/span><span class=\"uih-chapter-years\">711 \u2013 1479<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop\" role=\"tooltip\"><span class=\"uih-pop-summary\">Cucerirea islamic\u0103 din 711 a creat al-Andalus, unul dintre marile centre culturale ale lumii medievale, \u00een paralel cu apari\u021bia \u0219i expansiunea regatelor cre\u0219tine din nord.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-list\"><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"711 \u2013 718\" data-title=\"Cucerirea islamic\u0103\" data-summary=\"Armatele musulmane au \u00eenvins for\u021bele regelui Roderic \u0219i au ocupat rapid cea mai mare parte a peninsulei.\" data-details=\"Hispania vizigot\u0103 a fost \u00eenlocuit\u0103 de al-Andalus.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">711 \u2013 718<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Cucerirea islamic\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"711 \u2013 756\" data-title=\"Emiratul dependent de Damasc\" data-summary=\"Al-Andalus a fost administrat de guvernatori ai Califatului Omeyad.\" data-details=\"Conflictele \u00eentre arabi, berberi \u0219i elite locale au fost frecvente.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">711 \u2013 756<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Emiratul dependent de Damasc<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"718 \u2013 722\" data-title=\"Covadonga \u0219i nucleul asturian\" data-summary=\"Tradi\u021bia plaseaz\u0103 victoria lui Pelayo la Covadonga la \u00eenceputul rezisten\u021bei cre\u0219tine din nord.\" data-details=\"Evenimentul a devenit ulterior simbol fondator al Reconquistei.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">718 \u2013 722<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Covadonga \u0219i nucleul asturian<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"756 \u2013 929\" data-title=\"Emiratul independent de C\u00f3rdoba\" data-summary=\"Abd al-Rahman I a fondat un emirat omeyad independent de Abbasizi.\" data-details=\"C\u00f3rdoba a devenit unul dintre cele mai prospere ora\u0219e ale Europei.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">756 \u2013 929<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Emiratul independent de C\u00f3rdoba<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"785 \u2013 1000\" data-title=\"Marea Moschee din C\u00f3rdoba\" data-summary=\"Construc\u021bia \u0219i extinderile moscheii au reflectat bog\u0103\u021bia \u0219i prestigiul emiratului \u0219i califatului.\" data-details=\"Edificiul este una dintre capodoperele arhitecturii islamice occidentale.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">785 \u2013 1000<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Marea Moschee din C\u00f3rdoba<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"795 \u2013 900\" data-title=\"Marca Hispanica\" data-summary=\"Francii au creat o zon\u0103 de frontier\u0103 la sud de Pirinei.\" data-details=\"Comitatele catalane au evoluat treptat spre autonomie.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">795 \u2013 900<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Marca Hispanica<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"718 \u2013 910\" data-title=\"Regatul Asturiei\" data-summary=\"Regatul cre\u0219tin din nord s-a extins spre sud \u0219i vest.\" data-details=\"Oviedo \u0219i apoi Le\u00f3n au devenit centre politice importante.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">718 \u2013 910<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Regatul Asturiei<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"910 \u2013 1037\" data-title=\"Regatul Le\u00f3n\" data-summary=\"Le\u00f3n a continuat expansiunea spre valea Duero.\" data-details=\"Repoblarea teritoriilor cucerite a remodelat structura social\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">910 \u2013 1037<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Regatul Le\u00f3n<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"850 \u2013 1035\" data-title=\"Comitatul Castiliei\" data-summary=\"Castilia a ap\u0103rut ca regiune de frontier\u0103 fortificat\u0103.\" data-details=\"Numele provine de la densitatea castrelelor \u0219i fortifica\u021biilor de frontier\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">850 \u2013 1035<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Comitatul Castiliei<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"824 \u2013 1035\" data-title=\"Regatul Navarei\" data-summary=\"Navarra s-a consolidat \u00een jurul Pamplonei.\" data-details=\"Sub Sancho III cel Mare, influen\u021ba sa s-a extins asupra unei mari p\u0103r\u021bi a nordului cre\u0219tin.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">824 \u2013 1035<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Regatul Navarei<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"929 \u2013 1031\" data-title=\"Califatul de C\u00f3rdoba\" data-summary=\"Abd al-Rahman III s-a proclamat calif.\" data-details=\"Al-Andalus a atins un apogeu politic, economic \u0219i cultural.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">929 \u2013 1031<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Califatul de C\u00f3rdoba<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"936 \u2013 1010\" data-title=\"Medina Azahara\" data-summary=\"Ora\u0219ul palatin construit l\u00e2ng\u0103 C\u00f3rdoba a simbolizat puterea califatului.\" data-details=\"Distrugerea sa \u00een r\u0103zboaiele civile a marcat criza final\u0103 a regimului.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">936 \u2013 1010<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Medina Azahara<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"978 \u2013 1002\" data-title=\"Almanzor\" data-summary=\"Almanzor a dominat politica califatului \u0219i a condus campanii devastatoare \u00eempotriva regatelor cre\u0219tine.\" data-details=\"Prestigiul s\u0103u militar nu a \u00eempiedicat destr\u0103marea de dup\u0103 moarte.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">978 \u2013 1002<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Almanzor<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1031 \u2013 1086\" data-title=\"Taifas\" data-summary=\"Califatul s-a fragmentat \u00een numeroase regate musulmane independente.\" data-details=\"Competi\u021bia dintre taifas a favorizat expansiunea cre\u0219tin\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1031 \u2013 1086<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Taifas<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1035 \u2013 1065\" data-title=\"Castilia devine regat\" data-summary=\"Ferdinand I \u0219i urma\u0219ii s\u0103i au consolidat Castilia ca mare putere cre\u0219tin\u0103.\" data-details=\"Rivalitatea \u0219i alian\u021bele cu Le\u00f3n, Navarra \u0219i taifas au definit epoca.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1035 \u2013 1065<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Castilia devine regat<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1085 \u2013 1085\" data-title=\"Alfonso VI \u0219i cucerirea Toledo\" data-summary=\"Castilia-Le\u00f3n a cucerit vechea capital\u0103 vizigot\u0103.\" data-details=\"C\u0103derea Toledo-ului a produs un \u0219oc \u00een lumea musulman\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1085 \u2013 1085<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Alfonso VI \u0219i cucerirea Toledo<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1086 \u2013 1147\" data-title=\"Almoravizii\" data-summary=\"Dinastia nord-african\u0103 a intervenit pentru a opri avansul cre\u0219tin.\" data-details=\"A reunificat temporar mare parte din al-Andalus.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1086 \u2013 1147<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Almoravizii<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1081 \u2013 1099\" data-title=\"El Cid\" data-summary=\"Rodrigo D\u00edaz de Vivar a devenit una dintre cele mai cunoscute figuri militare ale epocii.\" data-details=\"A luptat pentru st\u0103p\u00e2ni cre\u0219tini \u0219i musulmani \u0219i a cucerit Valencia.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1081 \u2013 1099<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">El Cid<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1137 \u2013 1164\" data-title=\"Coroana Aragonului\" data-summary=\"Uniunea dinastic\u0103 dintre Aragon \u0219i comitatul Barcelona a creat o nou\u0103 putere mediteranean\u0103.\" data-details=\"Structura a r\u0103mas compozit\u0103, cu institu\u021bii distincte \u00een teritoriile sale.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1137 \u2013 1164<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Coroana Aragonului<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1147 \u2013 1212\" data-title=\"Almohazii\" data-summary=\"O nou\u0103 dinastie nord-african\u0103 a preluat al-Andalus.\" data-details=\"Regimul a fost mai centralizat \u0219i mai riguros religios.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1147 \u2013 1212<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Almohazii<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1212 \u2013 1212\" data-title=\"Las Navas de Tolosa\" data-summary=\"O coali\u021bie cre\u0219tin\u0103 a \u00eenvins decisiv armata almohad\u0103.\" data-details=\"Victoria a deschis drumul marilor cuceriri din secolul al XIII-lea.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1212 \u2013 1212<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Las Navas de Tolosa<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1230 \u2013 1252\" data-title=\"Ferdinand III \u0219i marile cuceriri\" data-summary=\"Castilia \u0219i Le\u00f3n au fost reunite definitiv, iar C\u00f3rdoba, Ja\u00e9n \u0219i Sevilla au fost cucerite.\" data-details=\"Al-Andalus s-a redus drastic.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1230 \u2013 1252<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Ferdinand III \u0219i marile cuceriri<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1213 \u2013 1276\" data-title=\"Jaume I \u0219i expansiunea catalano-aragonez\u0103\" data-summary=\"Coroana Aragonului a cucerit Mallorca \u0219i Valencia.\" data-details=\"Puterea sa s-a extins spre Mediterana occidental\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1213 \u2013 1276<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Jaume I \u0219i expansiunea catalano-aragonez\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1238 \u2013 1492\" data-title=\"Granada nazarid\u0103\" data-summary=\"Emiratul Granada a supravie\u021buit ca ultim stat musulman iberic.\" data-details=\"Alhambra a devenit simbolul rafinamentului artistic al epocii.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1238 \u2013 1492<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Granada nazarid\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1252 \u2013 1284\" data-title=\"Alfonso X cel \u00cen\u021belept\" data-summary=\"Regele Castiliei a patronat traduceri, \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103, istorie \u0219i codificare juridic\u0103.\" data-details=\"Curtea sa a fost un important centru de contact \u00eentre tradi\u021bii cre\u0219tine, evreie\u0219ti \u0219i islamice.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1252 \u2013 1284<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Alfonso X cel \u00cen\u021belept<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1256 \u2013 1265\" data-title=\"Siete Partidas\" data-summary=\"Codul juridic atribuit lui Alfonso X a sintetizat drept roman, canonic \u0219i castilian.\" data-details=\"Textul a avut o influen\u021b\u0103 durabil\u0103 inclusiv \u00een dreptul colonial american.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1256 \u2013 1265<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Siete Partidas<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1282 \u2013 1442\" data-title=\"Coroana Aragonului \u00een Mediterana\" data-summary=\"Aragonul \u0219i Catalonia au extins controlul asupra Siciliei, Sardiniei \u0219i apoi Napoli.\" data-details=\"Barcelona \u0219i Valencia au devenit mari centre comerciale.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1282 \u2013 1442<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Coroana Aragonului \u00een Mediterana<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1348 \u2013 1400\" data-title=\"Criza secolului al XIV-lea\" data-summary=\"Ciuma, r\u0103zboaiele \u0219i tensiunile sociale au afectat grav peninsula.\" data-details=\"Mortalitatea \u0219i conflictele interne au sl\u0103bit multe regiuni.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1348 \u2013 1400<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Criza secolului al XIV-lea<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1412 \u2013 1412\" data-title=\"Compromisul de la Caspe\" data-summary=\"Dup\u0103 o criz\u0103 succesoral\u0103, dinastia Trast\u00e1mara a preluat coroana Aragonului.\" data-details=\"Alegerea a apropiat dinastiile Castiliei \u0219i Aragonului.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1412 \u2013 1412<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Compromisul de la Caspe<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1475 \u2013 1479\" data-title=\"R\u0103zboiul civil castilian\" data-summary=\"Isabella de Castilia \u0219i Juana la Beltraneja s-au confruntat pentru tron.\" data-details=\"Victoria Isabellei a consolidat alian\u021ba cu Ferdinand de Aragon.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1475 \u2013 1479<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">R\u0103zboiul civil castilian<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1469 \u2013 1479\" data-title=\"Unirea dinastic\u0103 a Castiliei \u0219i Aragonului\" data-summary=\"C\u0103s\u0103toria Isabellei \u0219i Ferdinand a unit dinastic cele dou\u0103 mari coroane.\" data-details=\"Institu\u021biile au r\u0103mas distincte, dar politica extern\u0103 \u0219i dinastic\u0103 s-au coordonat tot mai str\u00e2ns.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1469 \u2013 1479<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Unirea dinastic\u0103 a Castiliei \u0219i Aragonului<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"uih-chapter\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><span class=\"uih-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"uih-chapter-title\">Regii Catolici, imperiul \u0219i secolul de aur<\/span><span class=\"uih-chapter-years\">1479 \u2013 1700<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop\" role=\"tooltip\"><span class=\"uih-pop-summary\">Unirea dinastic\u0103 a Castiliei \u0219i Aragonului, c\u0103derea Granadei \u0219i expansiunea atlantic\u0103 au transformat monarhia hispanic\u0103 \u00eentr-un imperiu global, \u00een timp ce cultura spaniol\u0103 a cunoscut Siglo de Oro.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-list\"><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1479 \u2013 1492\" data-title=\"Regii Catolici\" data-summary=\"Isabella I \u0219i Ferdinand II au consolidat autoritatea monarhic\u0103 \u0219i institu\u021biile centrale.\" data-details=\"Monarhia lor a preg\u0103tit expansiunea atlantic\u0103 \u0219i mediteranean\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1479 \u2013 1492<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Regii Catolici<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1478 \u2013 1834\" data-title=\"Inchizi\u021bia spaniol\u0103\" data-summary=\"Coroana a creat un tribunal pentru controlul ortodoxiei religioase.\" data-details=\"Institu\u021bia a vizat conversos, protestan\u021bi \u0219i alte grupuri \u0219i a devenit simbol al intoleran\u021bei religioase.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1478 \u2013 1834<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Inchizi\u021bia spaniol\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1482 \u2013 1492\" data-title=\"Cucerirea Granadei\" data-summary=\"Un lung r\u0103zboi a pus cap\u0103t emiratului nazarid.\" data-details=\"Capitularea Granadei din ianuarie 1492 a \u00eencheiat existen\u021ba ultimului stat musulman iberic.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1482 \u2013 1492<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Cucerirea Granadei<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1492 \u2013 1492\" data-title=\"1492 \u2013 anul de cotitur\u0103\" data-summary=\"C\u0103derea Granadei, expulzarea evreilor \u0219i c\u0103l\u0103toria lui Columb au schimbat radical direc\u021bia monarhiei.\" data-details=\"Anul a devenit unul dintre cele mai dense simbolic din istoria Spaniei.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1492 \u2013 1492<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">1492 \u2013 anul de cotitur\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1492 \u2013 1492\" data-title=\"Expulzarea evreilor\" data-summary=\"Edictul de la Alhambra a obligat evreii s\u0103 se converteasc\u0103 sau s\u0103 plece.\" data-details=\"Exodul sefarzilor a avut consecin\u021be demografice \u0219i culturale profunde.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1492 \u2013 1492<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Expulzarea evreilor<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1492 \u2013 1504\" data-title=\"Columb \u0219i Atlanticul\" data-summary=\"C\u0103l\u0103toriile lui Columb au deschis contactul permanent dintre Europa \u0219i Americi.\" data-details=\"Castilia a devenit centrul unei expansiuni imperiale f\u0103r\u0103 precedent.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1492 \u2013 1504<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Columb \u0219i Atlanticul<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1494 \u2013 1494\" data-title=\"Tratatul de la Tordesillas\" data-summary=\"Spania \u0219i Portugalia au \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit sferele de expansiune extraeuropean\u0103.\" data-details=\"Linia convenit\u0103 a avut consecin\u021be asupra form\u0103rii imperiilor iberice.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1494 \u2013 1494<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Tratatul de la Tordesillas<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1478 \u2013 1496\" data-title=\"Cucerirea Canarelor\" data-summary=\"Coroana Castiliei a finalizat cucerirea insulelor Canare.\" data-details=\"Arhipelagul a devenit baz\u0103 strategic\u0103 pentru rutele atlantice.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1478 \u2013 1496<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Cucerirea Canarelor<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1499 \u2013 1526\" data-title=\"Conversiile for\u021bate ale musulmanilor\" data-summary=\"Politica fa\u021b\u0103 de popula\u021bia musulman\u0103 s-a \u00een\u0103sprit treptat.\" data-details=\"Moriscos au devenit o minoritate cre\u0219tinat\u0103 formal, dar suspectat\u0103 permanent.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1499 \u2013 1526<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Conversiile for\u021bate ale musulmanilor<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1516 \u2013 1556\" data-title=\"Carol I \/ Carol V\" data-summary=\"Carol a mo\u0219tenit Castilia, Aragonul, posesiunile habsburgice \u0219i titlul imperial.\" data-details=\"Monarhia hispanic\u0103 a devenit centrul unui sistem dinastic global.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1516 \u2013 1556<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Carol I \/ Carol V<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1520 \u2013 1521\" data-title=\"Revolta Comuneros\" data-summary=\"Ora\u0219ele castiliene s-au revoltat \u00eempotriva politicii lui Carol.\" data-details=\"\u00cenfr\u00e2ngerea lor a consolidat monarhia \u0219i a sl\u0103bit autonomia politic\u0103 urban\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1520 \u2013 1521<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Revolta Comuneros<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1519 \u2013 1521\" data-title=\"Cucerirea Mexicului\" data-summary=\"Hern\u00e1n Cort\u00e9s \u0219i alia\u021bii indigeni au \u00eenvins Imperiul Aztec.\" data-details=\"Noua Spanie a devenit unul dintre nucleele imperiului american.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1519 \u2013 1521<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Cucerirea Mexicului<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1532 \u2013 1536\" data-title=\"Cucerirea Peruului\" data-summary=\"Francisco Pizarro \u0219i alia\u021bii s\u0103i au \u00eenvins Imperiul Inca.\" data-details=\"Bog\u0103\u021biile andine au alimentat sistemul imperial spaniol.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1532 \u2013 1536<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Cucerirea Peruului<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1503 \u2013 1717\" data-title=\"Casa de Contrataci\u00f3n \u0219i Sevilla\" data-summary=\"Sevilla a monopolizat o mare parte a comer\u021bului cu Americile.\" data-details=\"Argintul, m\u0103rfurile \u0219i oamenii circulau printr-un sistem strict controlat.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1503 \u2013 1717<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Casa de Contrataci\u00f3n \u0219i Sevilla<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1545 \u2013 1650\" data-title=\"Argintul de la Potos\u00ed\" data-summary=\"Minele andine au furnizat cantit\u0103\u021bi uria\u0219e de argint.\" data-details=\"Fluxul de metal pre\u021bios a alimentat economia mondial\u0103 \u0219i infla\u021bia european\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1545 \u2013 1650<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Argintul de la Potos\u00ed<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1556 \u2013 1598\" data-title=\"Filip II\" data-summary=\"Filip II a condus o monarhie global\u0103 din Madrid \u0219i El Escorial.\" data-details=\"Domnia sa a fost marcat\u0103 de r\u0103zboaie religioase, expansiune \u0219i dificult\u0103\u021bi financiare.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1556 \u2013 1598<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Filip II<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1561 \u2013 1561\" data-title=\"Madrid devine capital\u0103\" data-summary=\"Filip II a stabilit curtea permanent la Madrid.\" data-details=\"Ora\u0219ul a devenit centrul administrativ al monarhiei.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1561 \u2013 1561<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Madrid devine capital\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1563 \u2013 1584\" data-title=\"El Escorial\" data-summary=\"Complexul monastic \u0219i palatin a fost construit ca simbol al monarhiei catolice.\" data-details=\"Arhitectura auster\u0103 a reflectat idealurile politice \u0219i religioase ale lui Filip II.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1563 \u2013 1584<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">El Escorial<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1568 \u2013 1648\" data-title=\"Revolta \u021a\u0103rilor de Jos\" data-summary=\"Provinciile nordice s-au revoltat \u00eempotriva monarhiei spaniole.\" data-details=\"Conflictul a consumat resurse \u0219i a dus la independen\u021ba Provinciilor Unite.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1568 \u2013 1648<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Revolta \u021a\u0103rilor de Jos<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1571 \u2013 1571\" data-title=\"Lepanto\" data-summary=\"Flota Ligii Sfinte, cu o component\u0103 spaniol\u0103 major\u0103, a \u00eenvins Imperiul Otoman.\" data-details=\"Victoria a avut un impact simbolic enorm \u00een lumea catolic\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1571 \u2013 1571<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Lepanto<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1580 \u2013 1640\" data-title=\"Anexarea Portugaliei\" data-summary=\"Filip II a devenit \u0219i rege al Portugaliei.\" data-details=\"Uniunea Iberic\u0103 a reunit temporar cele dou\u0103 mari imperii coloniale.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1580 \u2013 1640<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Anexarea Portugaliei<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1588 \u2013 1588\" data-title=\"Armada Invincibil\u0103\" data-summary=\"Marea flot\u0103 trimis\u0103 \u00eempotriva Angliei a e\u0219uat.\" data-details=\"\u00cenfr\u00e2ngerea nu a distrus imediat puterea naval\u0103 spaniol\u0103, dar a avut un efect propagandistic enorm.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1588 \u2013 1588<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Armada Invincibil\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1550 \u2013 1680\" data-title=\"Siglo de Oro\" data-summary=\"Literatura, pictura \u0219i teatrul spaniol au cunoscut un apogeu extraordinar.\" data-details=\"Cervantes, Lope de Vega, Calder\u00f3n, Vel\u00e1zquez, Zurbar\u00e1n \u0219i Murillo au definit epoca.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1550 \u2013 1680<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Siglo de Oro<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1605 \u2013 1615\" data-title=\"Cervantes \u0219i Don Quijote\" data-summary=\"Miguel de Cervantes a publicat Don Quijote \u00een dou\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bi.\" data-details=\"Romanul a devenit una dintre operele fondatoare ale literaturii moderne.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1605 \u2013 1615<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Cervantes \u0219i Don Quijote<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1623 \u2013 1660\" data-title=\"Vel\u00e1zquez\" data-summary=\"Diego Vel\u00e1zquez a devenit pictor al cur\u021bii lui Filip IV.\" data-details=\"Las Meninas este una dintre cele mai analizate opere din istoria artei.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1623 \u2013 1660<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Vel\u00e1zquez<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1600 \u2013 1645\" data-title=\"G\u00f3ngora \u0219i Quevedo\" data-summary=\"Poezia baroc\u0103 spaniol\u0103 a atins o extraordinar\u0103 sofisticare.\" data-details=\"Rivalitatea literar\u0103 dintre G\u00f3ngora \u0219i Quevedo a devenit celebr\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1600 \u2013 1645<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">G\u00f3ngora \u0219i Quevedo<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1609 \u2013 1614\" data-title=\"Expulzarea moriscilor\" data-summary=\"Monarhia a ordonat expulzarea popula\u021biei morisce.\" data-details=\"M\u0103sura a afectat grav anumite regiuni, \u00een special Valencia \u0219i Aragon.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1609 \u2013 1614<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Expulzarea moriscilor<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1600 \u2013 1650\" data-title=\"Criza secolului al XVII-lea\" data-summary=\"R\u0103zboaiele, fiscalitatea, epidemiile \u0219i declinul demografic au sl\u0103bit economia castilian\u0103.\" data-details=\"Monarhia a continuat \u00eens\u0103 s\u0103 sus\u021bin\u0103 un vast sistem imperial.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1600 \u2013 1650<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Criza secolului al XVII-lea<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1621 \u2013 1643\" data-title=\"Contele-Duce de Olivares\" data-summary=\"Principalul ministru al lui Filip IV a \u00eencercat centralizarea \u0219i distribuirea costurilor militare.\" data-details=\"Reformele au provocat rezisten\u021b\u0103 \u00een mai multe regate ale monarhiei.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1621 \u2013 1643<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Contele-Duce de Olivares<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1640 \u2013 1652\" data-title=\"R\u0103scoala Catalan\u0103\" data-summary=\"Catalonia s-a revoltat \u00eempotriva politicilor fiscale \u0219i militare ale coroanei.\" data-details=\"Conflictul s-a suprapus r\u0103zboiului cu Fran\u021ba.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1640 \u2013 1652<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">R\u0103scoala Catalan\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1640 \u2013 1668\" data-title=\"Restaura\u021bia portughez\u0103\" data-summary=\"Portugalia s-a desprins de monarhia spaniol\u0103 \u0219i \u0219i-a restaurat propria dinastie.\" data-details=\"Spania a recunoscut independen\u021ba portughez\u0103 dup\u0103 aproape trei decenii de r\u0103zboi.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1640 \u2013 1668<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Restaura\u021bia portughez\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1659 \u2013 1659\" data-title=\"Pacea Pirineilor\" data-summary=\"Spania a cedat Fran\u021bei teritorii din nord-est.\" data-details=\"Tratatul a simbolizat transferul suprema\u021biei continentale spre Fran\u021ba.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1659 \u2013 1659<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Pacea Pirineilor<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1665 \u2013 1700\" data-title=\"Carol II \u0219i criza succesoral\u0103\" data-summary=\"Ultimul Habsburg spaniol a murit f\u0103r\u0103 mo\u0219tenitor.\" data-details=\"Moartea sa a declan\u0219at R\u0103zboiul pentru Succesiunea Spaniol\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1665 \u2013 1700<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Carol II \u0219i criza succesoral\u0103<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"uih-chapter\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><span class=\"uih-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"uih-chapter-title\">Habsburgi t\u00e2rzii, Bourboni \u0219i criza vechiului regim<\/span><span class=\"uih-chapter-years\">1701 \u2013 1833<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop\" role=\"tooltip\"><span class=\"uih-pop-summary\">Declinul relativ al imperiului, r\u0103zboaiele europene, centralizarea Bourbonilor \u0219i reformele iluministe au precedat invazia napoleonian\u0103 \u0219i pr\u0103bu\u0219irea vechii ordini.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-list\"><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1701 \u2013 1714\" data-title=\"R\u0103zboiul pentru Succesiunea Spaniol\u0103\" data-summary=\"Bourbonii \u0219i Habsburgii s-au luptat pentru coroana Spaniei.\" data-details=\"Conflictul a fost simultan r\u0103zboi european \u0219i r\u0103zboi civil \u00een peninsula iberic\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1701 \u2013 1714<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">R\u0103zboiul pentru Succesiunea Spaniol\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1700 \u2013 1746\" data-title=\"Filip V\" data-summary=\"Primul Bourbon spaniol a consolidat o monarhie mai centralizat\u0103.\" data-details=\"Modelul administrativ francez a influen\u021bat reformele.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1700 \u2013 1746<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Filip V<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1707 \u2013 1716\" data-title=\"Decretele Nueva Planta\" data-summary=\"Institu\u021biile proprii ale Coroanei Aragonului au fost \u00een mare parte desfiin\u021bate.\" data-details=\"Statul a devenit mai centralizat \u00een jurul Castiliei.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1707 \u2013 1716<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Decretele Nueva Planta<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1713 \u2013 1714\" data-title=\"Tratatul de la Utrecht\" data-summary=\"Spania a pierdut posesiuni europene importante, iar Gibraltarul a trecut sub control britanic.\" data-details=\"Imperiul american a r\u0103mas \u00eens\u0103 \u00een mare parte intact.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1713 \u2013 1714<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Tratatul de la Utrecht<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1714 \u2013 1759\" data-title=\"Reforme bourbonice\" data-summary=\"Administra\u021bia, fiscalitatea \u0219i armata au fost modernizate.\" data-details=\"Coroana a \u00eencercat s\u0103 creasc\u0103 eficien\u021ba \u0219i veniturile imperiului.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1714 \u2013 1759<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Reforme bourbonice<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1746 \u2013 1759\" data-title=\"Ferdinand VI\" data-summary=\"Domnia a urm\u0103rit pace, reform\u0103 administrativ\u0103 \u0219i redresare financiar\u0103.\" data-details=\"Neutralitatea relativ\u0103 a permis consolidarea intern\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1746 \u2013 1759<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Ferdinand VI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1759 \u2013 1788\" data-title=\"Carol III \u0219i despotismul luminat\" data-summary=\"Carol III a promovat reforme urbane, economice \u0219i educa\u021bionale.\" data-details=\"Madridul a fost modernizat, iar administra\u021bia imperial\u0103 reorganizat\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1759 \u2013 1788<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Carol III \u0219i despotismul luminat<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1767 \u2013 1767\" data-title=\"Expulzarea iezui\u021bilor\" data-summary=\"Coroana i-a expulzat pe iezui\u021bi din teritoriile sale.\" data-details=\"M\u0103sura reflecta conflictul dintre absolutismul luminat \u0219i puterea ecleziastic\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1767 \u2013 1767<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Expulzarea iezui\u021bilor<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1760 \u2013 1790\" data-title=\"Societ\u0103\u021bile economice \u0219i Iluminismul spaniol\" data-summary=\"Elite reformiste au promovat agricultur\u0103, industrie, educa\u021bie \u0219i \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103.\" data-details=\"Ilustraci\u00f3n spaniol\u0103 a r\u0103mas legat\u0103 de monarhie.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1760 \u2013 1790<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Societ\u0103\u021bile economice \u0219i Iluminismul spaniol<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1779 \u2013 1783\" data-title=\"Spania \u0219i independen\u021ba american\u0103\" data-summary=\"Spania a intrat \u00een r\u0103zboi \u00eempotriva Marii Britanii al\u0103turi de Fran\u021ba \u0219i coloniile americane.\" data-details=\"A rec\u00e2\u0219tigat Florida, dar conflictul a avut costuri importante.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1779 \u2013 1783<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Spania \u0219i independen\u021ba american\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1788 \u2013 1808\" data-title=\"Carol IV\" data-summary=\"Monarhia a intrat \u00eentr-o perioad\u0103 de criz\u0103 sub presiunea Revolu\u021biei Franceze \u0219i a r\u0103zboaielor europene.\" data-details=\"Manuel Godoy a devenit figura dominant\u0103 a guvern\u0103rii.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1788 \u2013 1808<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Carol IV<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1793 \u2013 1795\" data-title=\"R\u0103zboiul cu Fran\u021ba revolu\u021bionar\u0103\" data-summary=\"Spania a luptat \u00eempotriva Republicii Franceze \u0219i a fost \u00eenfr\u00e2nt\u0103.\" data-details=\"Pacea de la Basel a dus ulterior la apropierea de Fran\u021ba.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1793 \u2013 1795<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">R\u0103zboiul cu Fran\u021ba revolu\u021bionar\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1796 \u2013 1805\" data-title=\"Alian\u021ba cu Fran\u021ba \u0219i Trafalgar\" data-summary=\"Spania s-a aliat cu Fran\u021ba \u00eempotriva Marii Britanii.\" data-details=\"\u00cenfr\u00e2ngerea naval\u0103 de la Trafalgar a distrus o mare parte a flotei spaniole.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1796 \u2013 1805<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Alian\u021ba cu Fran\u021ba \u0219i Trafalgar<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1808 \u2013 1808\" data-title=\"Criza dinastic\u0103 \u0219i Bayonne\" data-summary=\"Napoleon a for\u021bat abdicarea Bourbonilor \u0219i l-a instalat pe fratele s\u0103u Joseph Bonaparte.\" data-details=\"Interven\u021bia a provocat o revolt\u0103 popular\u0103 generalizat\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1808 \u2013 1808<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Criza dinastic\u0103 \u0219i Bayonne<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1808 \u2013 1814\" data-title=\"R\u0103zboiul Peninsular\" data-summary=\"Spaniolii, portughezii \u0219i britanicii au luptat \u00eempotriva ocupa\u021biei franceze.\" data-details=\"Gherila a devenit una dintre caracteristicile conflictului.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1808 \u2013 1814<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">R\u0103zboiul Peninsular<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1808 \u2013 1808\" data-title=\"2 Mai 1808\" data-summary=\"Revolta de la Madrid \u00eempotriva francezilor a fost reprimat\u0103 brutal.\" data-details=\"Goya a transformat evenimentele \u00een imagini emblematice.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1808 \u2013 1808<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">2 Mai 1808<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1810 \u2013 1812\" data-title=\"Cortes de C\u00e1diz\" data-summary=\"Reprezentan\u021bii anti-napoleonieni s-au reunit la C\u00e1diz.\" data-details=\"Ora\u0219ul a devenit centrul liberalismului spaniol \u00een timpul ocupa\u021biei.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1810 \u2013 1812<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Cortes de C\u00e1diz<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1812 \u2013 1812\" data-title=\"Constitu\u021bia din 1812\" data-summary=\"Cortesul a adoptat una dintre cele mai liberale constitu\u021bii ale epocii.\" data-details=\"Documentul a proclamat suveranitatea na\u021bional\u0103 \u0219i a devenit simbol pentru liberalii hispanici.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1812 \u2013 1812<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Constitu\u021bia din 1812<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1814 \u2013 1820\" data-title=\"Ferdinand VII restaurat\" data-summary=\"Regele a abolit constitu\u021bia \u0219i a restaurat absolutismul.\" data-details=\"Represiunea liberalilor a provocat conspira\u021bii \u0219i revolte.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1814 \u2013 1820<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Ferdinand VII restaurat<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1820 \u2013 1823\" data-title=\"Trieniul Liberal\" data-summary=\"O revolt\u0103 militar\u0103 l-a obligat pe rege s\u0103 restaureze Constitu\u021bia din 1812.\" data-details=\"Interven\u021bia francez\u0103 a restaurat absolutismul.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1820 \u2013 1823<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Trieniul Liberal<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1810 \u2013 1826\" data-title=\"Pierderea imperiului american continental\" data-summary=\"Mi\u0219c\u0103rile de independen\u021b\u0103 au desprins majoritatea coloniilor continentale.\" data-details=\"Spania a p\u0103strat \u00een principal Cuba, Puerto Rico \u0219i Filipine.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1810 \u2013 1826<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Pierderea imperiului american continental<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1823 \u2013 1833\" data-title=\"Ultimul deceniu absolutist\" data-summary=\"Ferdinand VII a revenit la autoritarism, dar a \u00eencercat unele reforme administrative.\" data-details=\"Problema succesiunii avea s\u0103 declan\u0219eze r\u0103zboaiele carliste.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1823 \u2013 1833<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Ultimul deceniu absolutist<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"uih-chapter\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><span class=\"uih-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"uih-chapter-title\">R\u0103zboi, liberalism \u0219i secolul XIX<\/span><span class=\"uih-chapter-years\">1833 \u2013 1931<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop\" role=\"tooltip\"><span class=\"uih-pop-summary\">R\u0103zboiul de Independen\u021b\u0103, constitu\u021bionalismul, conflictele carliste, pierderea imperiului continental american \u0219i instabilitatea politic\u0103 au marcat lunga tranzi\u021bie spre statul liberal modern.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-list\"><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1833 \u2013 1840\" data-title=\"Isabella II \u0219i regen\u021ba\" data-summary=\"Moartea lui Ferdinand VII a adus-o pe tron pe Isabella II, minor\u0103.\" data-details=\"Succesiunea a fost contestat\u0103 de unchiul ei, Don Carlos.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1833 \u2013 1840<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Isabella II \u0219i regen\u021ba<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1833 \u2013 1840\" data-title=\"Primul R\u0103zboi Carlist\" data-summary=\"Carli\u0219tii au ap\u0103rat absolutismul, tradi\u021bia \u0219i drepturile regionale \u00eempotriva liberalilor.\" data-details=\"R\u0103zboiul a fost deosebit de dur \u00een \u021aara Bascilor, Navarra \u0219i Catalonia.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1833 \u2013 1840<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Primul R\u0103zboi Carlist<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1834 \u2013 1845\" data-title=\"Construirea statului liberal\" data-summary=\"Liberalii au desfiin\u021bat multe structuri ale Vechiului Regim.\" data-details=\"Confiscarea propriet\u0103\u021bilor ecleziastice \u0219i reforma administra\u021biei au schimbat societatea.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1834 \u2013 1845<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Construirea statului liberal<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1837 \u2013 1837\" data-title=\"Constitu\u021bia din 1837\" data-summary=\"O nou\u0103 constitu\u021bie a \u00eencercat un compromis \u00eentre progresi\u0219ti \u0219i modera\u021bi.\" data-details=\"Monarhia constitu\u021bional\u0103 a r\u0103mas instabil\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1837 \u2013 1837<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Constitu\u021bia din 1837<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1840 \u2013 1843\" data-title=\"Espartero \u0219i regen\u021ba\" data-summary=\"Generalul Baldomero Espartero a condus \u021bara ca regent.\" data-details=\"Autoritarismul s\u0103u a provocat opozi\u021bie \u0219i a dus la c\u0103derea sa.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1840 \u2013 1843<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Espartero \u0219i regen\u021ba<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1843 \u2013 1868\" data-title=\"Domnia personal\u0103 a Isabellei II\" data-summary=\"Regimul a alternat \u00eentre modera\u021bi, progresi\u0219ti \u0219i interven\u021bii militare.\" data-details=\"Corup\u021bia \u0219i excluderea politic\u0103 au sl\u0103bit monarhia.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1843 \u2013 1868<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Domnia personal\u0103 a Isabellei II<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1845 \u2013 1868\" data-title=\"Constitu\u021bia din 1845\" data-summary=\"Modera\u021bii au creat un sistem centralizat \u0219i conservator.\" data-details=\"Coroana \u0219i administra\u021bia au primit puteri largi.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1845 \u2013 1868<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Constitu\u021bia din 1845<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1844 \u2013 1844\" data-title=\"Garda Civil\u0103\" data-summary=\"A fost creat\u0103 Guardia Civil pentru men\u021binerea ordinii \u00een mediul rural.\" data-details=\"Institu\u021bia a devenit una dintre cele mai durabile structuri ale statului spaniol.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1844 \u2013 1844<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Garda Civil\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1830 \u2013 1870\" data-title=\"Industrializarea Cataloniei\" data-summary=\"Textilele au transformat Barcelona \u0219i hinterlandul s\u0103u \u00eentr-un centru industrial.\" data-details=\"Catalonia s-a diferen\u021biat economic de multe regiuni rurale ale peninsulei.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1830 \u2013 1870<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Industrializarea Cataloniei<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1850 \u2013 1900\" data-title=\"Minerit \u0219i industrializare basc\u0103\" data-summary=\"Fierul \u0219i siderurgia au transformat Bilbao \u0219i \u021aara Bascilor.\" data-details=\"Portul \u0219i investi\u021biile au creat un al doilea mare nucleu industrial.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1850 \u2013 1900<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Minerit \u0219i industrializare basc\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1848 \u2013 1870\" data-title=\"Calea ferat\u0103\" data-summary=\"Primele linii au conectat marile ora\u0219e \u0219i porturi.\" data-details=\"Re\u021beaua radial\u0103 cu centrul la Madrid a \u00eent\u0103rit centralizarea economic\u0103 \u0219i administrativ\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1848 \u2013 1870<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Calea ferat\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1868 \u2013 1868\" data-title=\"Revolu\u021bia Glorioas\u0103\" data-summary=\"Isabella II a fost \u00eenl\u0103turat\u0103 de o coali\u021bie de militari \u0219i liberali.\" data-details=\"A \u00eenceput Sexeniul Democratic.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1868 \u2013 1868<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Revolu\u021bia Glorioas\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1869 \u2013 1869\" data-title=\"Constitu\u021bia din 1869\" data-summary=\"Spania a adoptat o constitu\u021bie democratic\u0103 cu sufragiu masculin larg.\" data-details=\"Monarhia urma s\u0103 continue sub un nou rege.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1869 \u2013 1869<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Constitu\u021bia din 1869<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1870 \u2013 1873\" data-title=\"Amadeo I\" data-summary=\"Prin\u021bul italian Amadeo de Savoia a devenit rege.\" data-details=\"Izolarea politic\u0103 \u0219i conflictele interne l-au determinat s\u0103 abdice.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1870 \u2013 1873<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Amadeo I<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1873 \u2013 1874\" data-title=\"Prima Republic\u0103\" data-summary=\"Spania a devenit republic\u0103 pentru prima dat\u0103.\" data-details=\"Conflictele federaliste, cantonale \u0219i carliste au f\u0103cut regimul extrem de instabil.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1873 \u2013 1874<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Prima Republic\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1873 \u2013 1874\" data-title=\"Revolta cantonal\u0103\" data-summary=\"Ora\u0219e \u0219i regiuni au proclamat cantoane autonome.\" data-details=\"Cartagena a devenit centrul celei mai rezistente insurec\u021bii.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1873 \u2013 1874<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Revolta cantonal\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1872 \u2013 1876\" data-title=\"Al Treilea R\u0103zboi Carlist\" data-summary=\"Carli\u0219tii au \u00eencercat din nou s\u0103 impun\u0103 propria dinastie \u0219i ordine politic\u0103.\" data-details=\"Victoria guvernului a consolidat statul central.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1872 \u2013 1876<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Al Treilea R\u0103zboi Carlist<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1874 \u2013 1876\" data-title=\"Restaurarea Bourbonilor\" data-summary=\"Alfonso XII a fost proclamat rege.\" data-details=\"Sistemul Restaur\u0103rii a urm\u0103rit stabilitate prin alternan\u021ba controlat\u0103 a partidelor.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1874 \u2013 1876<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Restaurarea Bourbonilor<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1876 \u2013 1923\" data-title=\"Constitu\u021bia din 1876\" data-summary=\"Noua constitu\u021bie a creat cadrul politic al Restaur\u0103rii.\" data-details=\"Monarhia parlamentar\u0103 era formal flexibil\u0103, dar controlat\u0103 de elite.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1876 \u2013 1923<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Constitu\u021bia din 1876<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1876 \u2013 1902\" data-title=\"Turnismo\" data-summary=\"Conservatorii \u0219i liberalii alternau la putere prin alegeri gestionate de re\u021bele locale de caciques.\" data-details=\"Sistemul a oferit stabilitate, dar a limitat reprezentarea real\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1876 \u2013 1902<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Turnismo<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1880 \u2013 1914\" data-title=\"Na\u021bionalismul catalan\" data-summary=\"Renaixen\u00e7a cultural\u0103 \u0219i dezvoltarea economic\u0103 au alimentat revendic\u0103ri politice catalane.\" data-details=\"Regionalismul s-a transformat treptat \u00een na\u021bionalism politic.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1880 \u2013 1914<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Na\u021bionalismul catalan<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1895 \u2013 1914\" data-title=\"Na\u021bionalismul basc\" data-summary=\"Sabino Arana a fondat Partidul Na\u021bionalist Basc.\" data-details=\"Industrializarea \u0219i identitatea lingvistic\u0103 au contribuit la apari\u021bia mi\u0219c\u0103rii.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1895 \u2013 1914<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Na\u021bionalismul basc<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1898 \u2013 1898\" data-title=\"R\u0103zboiul hispano-american\" data-summary=\"Spania a fost \u00eenfr\u00e2nt\u0103 de Statele Unite.\" data-details=\"Cuba a devenit independent\u0103, iar Puerto Rico, Guam \u0219i Filipine au trecut sub control american.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1898 \u2013 1898<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">R\u0103zboiul hispano-american<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1898 \u2013 1902\" data-title=\"Dezastrul din 1898\" data-summary=\"Pierderea ultimelor mari colonii a provocat o profund\u0103 criz\u0103 intelectual\u0103 \u0219i politic\u0103.\" data-details=\"Genera\u021bia de la 98 a reflectat asupra identit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i declinului Spaniei.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1898 \u2013 1902<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Dezastrul din 1898<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1902 \u2013 1923\" data-title=\"Alfonso XIII\" data-summary=\"Regele a domnit \u00eentr-o epoc\u0103 de instabilitate social\u0103 \u0219i politic\u0103 cresc\u00e2nd\u0103.\" data-details=\"Interven\u021bia armatei \u0219i sl\u0103biciunea partidelor au subminat sistemul Restaur\u0103rii.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1902 \u2013 1923<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Alfonso XIII<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1909 \u2013 1909\" data-title=\"S\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na Tragic\u0103\" data-summary=\"Protestele \u00eempotriva mobiliz\u0103rii pentru Maroc au degenerat \u00een revolt\u0103 la Barcelona.\" data-details=\"Represiunea a agravat conflictul social \u0219i anticlericalismul.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1909 \u2013 1909<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">S\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na Tragic\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1909 \u2013 1927\" data-title=\"R\u0103zboiul din Maroc\" data-summary=\"Spania a \u00eencercat s\u0103 controleze protectoratul din nordul Marocului.\" data-details=\"Conflictul a devenit una dintre principalele surse de tensiune militar\u0103 \u0219i politic\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1909 \u2013 1927<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">R\u0103zboiul din Maroc<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1921 \u2013 1921\" data-title=\"Annual\" data-summary=\"Armata spaniol\u0103 a suferit o catastrofal\u0103 \u00eenfr\u00e2ngere \u00een Rif.\" data-details=\"Dezastrul a discreditat regimul \u0219i conducerea militar\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1921 \u2013 1921<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Annual<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1923 \u2013 1930\" data-title=\"Dictatura lui Primo de Rivera\" data-summary=\"Generalul Miguel Primo de Rivera a preluat puterea cu sprijinul regelui.\" data-details=\"Regimul a investit \u00een infrastructur\u0103, dar nu a rezolvat criza politic\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1923 \u2013 1930<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Dictatura lui Primo de Rivera<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1929 \u2013 1929\" data-title=\"Expozi\u021biile din 1929\" data-summary=\"Barcelona \u0219i Sevilla au g\u0103zduit mari expozi\u021bii interna\u021bionale.\" data-details=\"Evenimentele au simbolizat modernizarea urban\u0103 din ultimii ani ai dictaturii.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1929 \u2013 1929<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Expozi\u021biile din 1929<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1931 \u2013 1931\" data-title=\"C\u0103derea monarhiei\" data-summary=\"Alegerile municipale au ar\u0103tat victoria republicanilor \u00een marile ora\u0219e.\" data-details=\"Alfonso XIII a p\u0103r\u0103sit \u021bara, iar republica a fost proclamat\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1931 \u2013 1931<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">C\u0103derea monarhiei<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"uih-chapter\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><span class=\"uih-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"uih-chapter-title\">Republic\u0103, r\u0103zboi civil, Franco \u0219i tranzi\u021bia democratic\u0103<\/span><span class=\"uih-chapter-years\">1931 \u2013 1982<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop\" role=\"tooltip\"><span class=\"uih-pop-summary\">A Doua Republic\u0103, R\u0103zboiul Civil \u0219i dictatura lui Franco au divizat profund \u021bara, iar dup\u0103 1975 Spania a trecut printr-o tranzi\u021bie rapid\u0103 spre monarhie parlamentar\u0103 \u0219i democra\u021bie.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-list\"><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1931 \u2013 1933\" data-title=\"A Doua Republic\u0103\" data-summary=\"Noua republic\u0103 a introdus reforme privind armata, Biserica, educa\u021bia \u0219i proprietatea funciar\u0103.\" data-details=\"Programul ambi\u021bios a polarizat profund societatea.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1931 \u2013 1933<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">A Doua Republic\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1931 \u2013 1931\" data-title=\"Constitu\u021bia din 1931\" data-summary=\"Spania a adoptat o constitu\u021bie democratic\u0103 \u0219i laic\u0103.\" data-details=\"Femeile au primit drept de vot, iar regiunile puteau ob\u021bine autonomie.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1931 \u2013 1931<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Constitu\u021bia din 1931<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1931 \u2013 1933\" data-title=\"Sufragiul feminin\" data-summary=\"Femeile au primit drept de vot \u0219i au participat la alegeri generale \u00een 1933.\" data-details=\"Clara Campoamor a fost una dintre principalele sus\u021bin\u0103toare ale reformei.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1931 \u2013 1933<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Sufragiul feminin<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1932 \u2013 1932\" data-title=\"Autonomia Cataloniei\" data-summary=\"Catalonia a primit un statut de autonomie \u0219i propriile institu\u021bii.\" data-details=\"Generalitat a devenit centrul politic regional.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1932 \u2013 1932<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Autonomia Cataloniei<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1934 \u2013 1934\" data-title=\"Revolta din Asturias\" data-summary=\"Minerii \u0219i organiza\u021biile de st\u00e2nga s-au revoltat \u00eempotriva guvernului conservator.\" data-details=\"Armata a reprimat brutal insurec\u021bia.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1934 \u2013 1934<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Revolta din Asturias<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1936 \u2013 1936\" data-title=\"Frontul Popular\" data-summary=\"Coali\u021bia de st\u00e2nga a c\u00e2\u0219tigat alegerile din februarie.\" data-details=\"Violen\u021ba politic\u0103 \u0219i conspira\u021biile militare s-au intensificat.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1936 \u2013 1936<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Frontul Popular<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1936 \u2013 1936\" data-title=\"Lovitura militar\u0103\" data-summary=\"O parte a armatei s-a revoltat \u00eempotriva republicii \u00een iulie.\" data-details=\"E\u0219ecul de a prelua rapid puterea a declan\u0219at r\u0103zboiul civil.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1936 \u2013 1936<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Lovitura militar\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1936 \u2013 1939\" data-title=\"R\u0103zboiul Civil Spaniol\" data-summary=\"Republicanii \u0219i na\u021bionali\u0219tii condu\u0219i de Franco au purtat un r\u0103zboi devastator.\" data-details=\"Germania \u0219i Italia au sprijinit na\u021bionali\u0219tii, iar URSS \u0219i Brig\u0103zile Interna\u021bionale au ajutat republica.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1936 \u2013 1939<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">R\u0103zboiul Civil Spaniol<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1937 \u2013 1937\" data-title=\"Guernica\" data-summary=\"Avia\u021bia german\u0103 \u0219i italian\u0103 a bombardat ora\u0219ul basc Guernica.\" data-details=\"Atacul \u0219i tabloul lui Picasso au devenit simboluri mondiale ale violen\u021bei \u00eempotriva civililor.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1937 \u2013 1937<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Guernica<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1938 \u2013 1938\" data-title=\"B\u0103t\u0103lia de pe Ebro\" data-summary=\"Republicanii au lansat ultima mare ofensiv\u0103.\" data-details=\"\u00cenfr\u00e2ngerea a accelerat pr\u0103bu\u0219irea frontului republican.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1938 \u2013 1938<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">B\u0103t\u0103lia de pe Ebro<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1939 \u2013 1939\" data-title=\"C\u0103derea Barcelonei\" data-summary=\"For\u021bele lui Franco au ocupat Barcelona.\" data-details=\"Sute de mii de republicani au fugit spre Fran\u021ba.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1939 \u2013 1939<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">C\u0103derea Barcelonei<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1939 \u2013 1939\" data-title=\"Victoria lui Franco\" data-summary=\"Madridul a capitulat, iar r\u0103zboiul civil s-a \u00eencheiat.\" data-details=\"Dictatura franchist\u0103 a \u00eenceput pe \u00eentreg teritoriul.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1939 \u2013 1939<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Victoria lui Franco<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1939 \u2013 1945\" data-title=\"Represiunea postbelic\u0103\" data-summary=\"Regimul a executat, \u00eentemni\u021bat \u0219i marginalizat adversarii politici.\" data-details=\"Exilul republican a continuat \u00een Europa \u0219i Americi.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1939 \u2013 1945<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Represiunea postbelic\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1939 \u2013 1945\" data-title=\"Neutralitate \u0219i non-beligeran\u021b\u0103 \u00een al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial\" data-summary=\"Spania nu a intrat oficial \u00een r\u0103zboi, de\u0219i regimul simpatiza cu Axa.\" data-details=\"Divizia Albastr\u0103 a luptat al\u0103turi de Germania pe frontul de est.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1939 \u2013 1945<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Neutralitate \u0219i non-beligeran\u021b\u0103 \u00een al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1939 \u2013 1959\" data-title=\"Autarhia franchist\u0103\" data-summary=\"Economia a fost puternic controlat\u0103 \u0219i relativ izolat\u0103.\" data-details=\"Penuria \u0219i stagnarea au caracterizat primii ani ai dictaturii.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1939 \u2013 1959<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Autarhia franchist\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1945 \u2013 1953\" data-title=\"Izolarea interna\u021bional\u0103\" data-summary=\"Dup\u0103 r\u0103zboi, regimul Franco a fost marginalizat diplomatic.\" data-details=\"R\u0103zboiul Rece a schimbat \u00eens\u0103 treptat atitudinea Occidentului.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1945 \u2013 1953<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Izolarea interna\u021bional\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1953 \u2013 1953\" data-title=\"Acordurile cu Statele Unite\" data-summary=\"Spania a permis baze militare americane \u00een schimbul ajutorului.\" data-details=\"Regimul a fost reintegrat treptat \u00een sistemul occidental.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1953 \u2013 1953<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Acordurile cu Statele Unite<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1953 \u2013 1953\" data-title=\"Concordatul cu Vaticanul\" data-summary=\"Biserica Catolic\u0103 a primit un rol privilegiat \u00een stat.\" data-details=\"Na\u021bional-catolicismul a devenit una dintre ideologiile regimului.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1953 \u2013 1953<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Concordatul cu Vaticanul<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1959 \u2013 1959\" data-title=\"Planul de Stabilizare\" data-summary=\"Tehnocra\u021bii au abandonat autarhia \u0219i au liberalizat economia.\" data-details=\"Reforma a preg\u0103tit boomul economic al anilor 1960.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1959 \u2013 1959<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Planul de Stabilizare<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1960 \u2013 1973\" data-title=\"Miracolul economic spaniol\" data-summary=\"Industria, turismul \u0219i construc\u021biile au crescut rapid.\" data-details=\"Milioane de oameni s-au mutat de la sate spre ora\u0219e \u0219i regiuni industriale.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1960 \u2013 1973<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Miracolul economic spaniol<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1960 \u2013 1975\" data-title=\"Boomul turistic\" data-summary=\"Coastele mediteraneene \u0219i insulele au atras milioane de turi\u0219ti europeni.\" data-details=\"Turismul a devenit unul dintre pilonii economiei \u0219i a adus influen\u021be culturale noi.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1960 \u2013 1975<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Boomul turistic<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1955 \u2013 1975\" data-title=\"Migra\u021bia intern\u0103\" data-summary=\"Andaluzia, Extremadura \u0219i alte regiuni rurale au pierdut popula\u021bie spre Madrid, Barcelona \u0219i \u021aara Bascilor.\" data-details=\"Urbanizarea a transformat societatea spaniol\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1955 \u2013 1975<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Migra\u021bia intern\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1959 \u2013 2011\" data-title=\"ETA\" data-summary=\"Organiza\u021bia separatist\u0103 basc\u0103 ETA a \u00eenceput o lung\u0103 campanie violent\u0103.\" data-details=\"Atentatele \u0219i reac\u021bia statului au marcat politica spaniol\u0103 timp de decenii.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1959 \u2013 2011<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">ETA<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1962 \u2013 1970\" data-title=\"Conciliul Vatican II \u0219i sl\u0103birea na\u021bional-catolicismului\" data-summary=\"O parte a Bisericii spaniole s-a distan\u021bat de dictatur\u0103.\" data-details=\"Schimbarea religioas\u0103 a erodat unul dintre pilonii regimului.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1962 \u2013 1970<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Conciliul Vatican II \u0219i sl\u0103birea na\u021bional-catolicismului<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1973 \u2013 1973\" data-title=\"Asasinarea lui Carrero Blanco\" data-summary=\"ETA l-a ucis pe premierul Luis Carrero Blanco.\" data-details=\"Regimul a pierdut principalul candidat la continuitatea politic\u0103 dup\u0103 Franco.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1973 \u2013 1973<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Asasinarea lui Carrero Blanco<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1975 \u2013 1975\" data-title=\"Moartea lui Franco\" data-summary=\"Dictatorul a murit dup\u0103 aproape patru decenii la putere.\" data-details=\"Succesiunea preg\u0103tit\u0103 de regim l-a adus pe Juan Carlos I pe tron.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1975 \u2013 1975<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Moartea lui Franco<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1975 \u2013 1976\" data-title=\"Juan Carlos I \u0219i \u00eenceputul tranzi\u021biei\" data-summary=\"Noul rege a sprijinit trecerea de la dictatur\u0103 la monarhie parlamentar\u0103.\" data-details=\"Adolfo Su\u00e1rez a devenit figura central\u0103 a reformei politice.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1975 \u2013 1976<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Juan Carlos I \u0219i \u00eenceputul tranzi\u021biei<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1976 \u2013 1977\" data-title=\"Legea pentru Reforma Politic\u0103\" data-summary=\"Institu\u021biile franchiste au votat propria transformare.\" data-details=\"Partidele politice au fost legalizate, inclusiv Partidul Comunist.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1976 \u2013 1977<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Legea pentru Reforma Politic\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1977 \u2013 1977\" data-title=\"Primele alegeri democratice\" data-summary=\"Spaniolii au votat liber pentru prima dat\u0103 dup\u0103 R\u0103zboiul Civil.\" data-details=\"UCD condus\u0103 de Su\u00e1rez a c\u00e2\u0219tigat alegerile.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1977 \u2013 1977<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Primele alegeri democratice<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1977 \u2013 1977\" data-title=\"Pactele de la Moncloa\" data-summary=\"Partidele \u0219i actorii sociali au convenit m\u0103suri economice \u0219i politice pentru stabilizarea tranzi\u021biei.\" data-details=\"Compromisul a redus riscul unei crize sistemice.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1977 \u2013 1977<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Pactele de la Moncloa<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1978 \u2013 1978\" data-title=\"Constitu\u021bia din 1978\" data-summary=\"Noua constitu\u021bie a creat o monarhie parlamentar\u0103 democratic\u0103 \u0219i un stat descentralizat.\" data-details=\"Textul a consacrat drepturi civile \u0219i posibilitatea autonomiei regionale.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1978 \u2013 1978<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Constitu\u021bia din 1978<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1979 \u2013 1983\" data-title=\"Statul autonomiilor\" data-summary=\"Catalonia, \u021aara Bascilor \u0219i apoi toate regiunile au primit statute \u0219i institu\u021bii proprii.\" data-details=\"Spania a devenit unul dintre cele mai descentralizate state europene.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1979 \u2013 1983<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Statul autonomiilor<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1981 \u2013 1981\" data-title=\"Lovitura de stat din 23-F\" data-summary=\"Ofi\u021beri rebeli au ocupat Congresul Deputa\u021bilor.\" data-details=\"Interven\u021bia televizat\u0103 a regelui \u00een ap\u0103rarea constitu\u021biei a contribuit la e\u0219ecul puciului.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1981 \u2013 1981<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Lovitura de stat din 23-F<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1982 \u2013 1982\" data-title=\"Victoria PSOE\" data-summary=\"Felipe Gonz\u00e1lez \u0219i sociali\u0219tii au c\u00e2\u0219tigat o majoritate larg\u0103.\" data-details=\"Alternan\u021ba democratic\u0103 a consolidat tranzi\u021bia post-franchist\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1982 \u2013 1982<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Victoria PSOE<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"uih-chapter\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><span class=\"uih-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"uih-chapter-title\">Spania european\u0103 \u0219i contemporan\u0103<\/span><span class=\"uih-chapter-years\">1982 \u2192<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop\" role=\"tooltip\"><span class=\"uih-pop-summary\">Din anii 1980, Spania s-a integrat \u00een NATO \u0219i Uniunea European\u0103, a cunoscut modernizare accelerat\u0103, descentralizare teritorial\u0103, boom economic, crize financiare \u0219i noi tensiuni politice \u0219i regionale.<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-list\"><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1982 \u2013 1986\" data-title=\"Aderarea la NATO\" data-summary=\"Spania a intrat \u00een NATO \u0219i a confirmat ulterior apartenen\u021ba prin referendum.\" data-details=\"Integrarea occidental\u0103 a devenit ireversibil\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1982 \u2013 1986<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Aderarea la NATO<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1986 \u2013 1986\" data-title=\"Aderarea la Comunitatea European\u0103\" data-summary=\"Spania a devenit membr\u0103 a Comunit\u0103\u021bilor Europene \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Portugalia.\" data-details=\"Fondurile europene au sus\u021binut infrastructura \u0219i modernizarea economic\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1986 \u2013 1986<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Aderarea la Comunitatea European\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1982 \u2013 1996\" data-title=\"Modernizarea sub Felipe Gonz\u00e1lez\" data-summary=\"Guvernele socialiste au extins statul social \u0219i au modernizat economia.\" data-details=\"Reconversia industrial\u0103 a provocat \u00eens\u0103 costuri sociale importante.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1982 \u2013 1996<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Modernizarea sub Felipe Gonz\u00e1lez<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1992 \u2013 1992\" data-title=\"Expo Sevilla \u0219i Olimpiada Barcelona\" data-summary=\"Spania a g\u0103zduit dou\u0103 evenimente interna\u021bionale majore.\" data-details=\"Anul 1992 a simbolizat revenirea deplin\u0103 a \u021b\u0103rii \u00een centrul Europei moderne.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1992 \u2013 1992<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Expo Sevilla \u0219i Olimpiada Barcelona<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1992 \u2013 2005\" data-title=\"AVE\" data-summary=\"Prima linie feroviar\u0103 de mare vitez\u0103 a legat Madridul de Sevilla.\" data-details=\"Re\u021beaua AVE s-a extins ulterior spectaculos.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1992 \u2013 2005<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">AVE<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1996 \u2013 2004\" data-title=\"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Aznar\" data-summary=\"Partidul Popular a preluat guvernarea dup\u0103 lunga epoc\u0103 socialist\u0103.\" data-details=\"Economia a crescut rapid, iar privatiz\u0103rile \u0219i integrarea euro au accelerat.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1996 \u2013 2004<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Aznar<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1999 \u2013 2002\" data-title=\"Euro\" data-summary=\"Spania a intrat \u00een moneda unic\u0103 european\u0103.\" data-details=\"Peseta a fost \u00eenlocuit\u0103 \u00een circula\u021bie de euro.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1999 \u2013 2002<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Euro<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"1998 \u2013 2007\" data-title=\"Boomul imobiliar\" data-summary=\"Creditul ieftin \u0219i construc\u021biile au alimentat o cre\u0219tere rapid\u0103.\" data-details=\"Economia a devenit vulnerabil\u0103 la pr\u0103bu\u0219irea pie\u021bei imobiliare.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">1998 \u2013 2007<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Boomul imobiliar<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"2004 \u2013 2004\" data-title=\"Atentatele de la Madrid\" data-summary=\"Atacuri jihadiste asupra trenurilor de naveti\u0219ti au ucis aproape 200 de persoane.\" data-details=\"Evenimentul a avut un impact politic \u0219i social profund.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">2004 \u2013 2004<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Atentatele de la Madrid<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"2004 \u2013 2011\" data-title=\"Jos\u00e9 Luis Rodr\u00edguez Zapatero\" data-summary=\"Guvernarea socialist\u0103 a introdus reforme sociale \u0219i a retras trupele din Irak.\" data-details=\"Mandatul a fost ulterior dominat de criza economic\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">2004 \u2013 2011<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Jos\u00e9 Luis Rodr\u00edguez Zapatero<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"2005 \u2013 2005\" data-title=\"C\u0103s\u0103toria \u00eentre persoane de acela\u0219i sex\" data-summary=\"Spania a legalizat c\u0103s\u0103toria \u00eentre persoane de acela\u0219i sex.\" data-details=\"Reforma a plasat \u021bara printre cele mai liberale state europene \u00een materie de drepturi civile.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">2005 \u2013 2005<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">C\u0103s\u0103toria \u00eentre persoane de acela\u0219i sex<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"2007 \u2013 2007\" data-title=\"Legea memoriei istorice\" data-summary=\"Statul a recunoscut victimele R\u0103zboiului Civil \u0219i dictaturii.\" data-details=\"Dezbaterea privind memoria franchismului a devenit o tem\u0103 politic\u0103 important\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">2007 \u2013 2007<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Legea memoriei istorice<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"2008 \u2013 2013\" data-title=\"Criza financiar\u0103 \u0219i pr\u0103bu\u0219irea construc\u021biilor\" data-summary=\"Bula imobiliar\u0103 s-a spart, iar \u0219omajul a crescut dramatic.\" data-details=\"B\u0103ncile \u0219i finan\u021bele publice au intrat sub presiune.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">2008 \u2013 2013<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Criza financiar\u0103 \u0219i pr\u0103bu\u0219irea construc\u021biilor<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"2011 \u2013 2011\" data-title=\"15-M \u0219i Indignados\" data-summary=\"Mi\u0219carea protestatar\u0103 a ocupat pie\u021be cer\u00e2nd mai mult\u0103 democra\u021bie \u0219i justi\u021bie social\u0103.\" data-details=\"A contribuit la apari\u021bia unor noi partide \u0219i la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul bipartidismului clasic.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">2011 \u2013 2011<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">15-M \u0219i Indignados<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"2011 \u2013 2018\" data-title=\"Guvernarea Rajoy\" data-summary=\"Mariano Rajoy a condus \u021bara \u00een perioada austerit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i redres\u0103rii economice.\" data-details=\"Corup\u021bia \u0219i conflictul catalan au dominat ultimii ani.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">2011 \u2013 2018<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Guvernarea Rajoy<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"2014 \u2013 2014\" data-title=\"Abdicarea lui Juan Carlos I\" data-summary=\"Regele a abdicat \u00een favoarea fiului s\u0103u Felipe VI.\" data-details=\"Scandalurile \u0219i problemele de imagine au sl\u0103bit prestigiul monarhiei.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">2014 \u2013 2014<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Abdicarea lui Juan Carlos I<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"2014 \u2013 2026\" data-title=\"Felipe VI\" data-summary=\"Felipe VI a devenit rege \u00eentr-o perioad\u0103 de fragmentare politic\u0103 \u0219i tensiuni teritoriale.\" data-details=\"Rolul s\u0103u a fost \u00een principal constitu\u021bional \u0219i reprezentativ.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">2014 \u2013 2026<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Felipe VI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"2012 \u2013 2017\" data-title=\"Criza catalan\u0103\" data-summary=\"Mi\u0219carea independentist\u0103 catalan\u0103 a crescut rapid.\" data-details=\"Conflictul a culminat cu referendumul unilateral \u0219i declara\u021bia de independen\u021b\u0103 din 2017.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">2012 \u2013 2017<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Criza catalan\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"2017 \u2013 2017\" data-title=\"Referendumul catalan din 2017\" data-summary=\"Guvernul catalan a organizat un referendum declarat ilegal de Curtea Constitu\u021bional\u0103.\" data-details=\"Interven\u021bia poli\u021biei \u0219i reac\u021bia politic\u0103 au produs o criz\u0103 major\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">2017 \u2013 2017<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Referendumul catalan din 2017<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"2017 \u2013 2018\" data-title=\"Articolul 155\" data-summary=\"Guvernul central a suspendat temporar autonomia catalan\u0103.\" data-details=\"Liderii separati\u0219ti au fost judeca\u021bi sau au plecat \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">2017 \u2013 2018<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Articolul 155<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"2018 \u2013 2018\" data-title=\"Mo\u021biunea de cenzur\u0103 \u0219i Pedro S\u00e1nchez\" data-summary=\"Pedro S\u00e1nchez a devenit prim-ministru dup\u0103 \u00eenl\u0103turarea lui Rajoy.\" data-details=\"A \u00eenceput o nou\u0103 perioad\u0103 de guverne de coali\u021bie \u0219i fragmentare parlamentar\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">2018 \u2013 2018<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Mo\u021biunea de cenzur\u0103 \u0219i Pedro S\u00e1nchez<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"2019 \u2013 2019\" data-title=\"Exhumarea lui Franco\" data-summary=\"R\u0103m\u0103\u0219i\u021bele dictatorului au fost mutate din Valle de los Ca\u00eddos.\" data-details=\"Gestul a avut o puternic\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tur\u0103 simbolic\u0103 \u00een politica memoriei.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">2019 \u2013 2019<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Exhumarea lui Franco<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"2020 \u2013 2021\" data-title=\"Pandemia COVID-19\" data-summary=\"Spania a fost una dintre \u021b\u0103rile europene grav afectate de primele valuri.\" data-details=\"Lockdown-ul strict \u0219i impactul asupra turismului au avut costuri economice mari.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">2020 \u2013 2021<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Pandemia COVID-19<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"2021 \u2013 2026\" data-title=\"Fondurile europene de redresare\" data-summary=\"Spania a primit aloc\u0103ri importante prin NextGenerationEU.\" data-details=\"Digitalizarea, energia verde \u0219i infrastructura au devenit priorit\u0103\u021bi majore.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">2021 \u2013 2026<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Fondurile europene de redresare<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"2021 \u2013 2021\" data-title=\"Erup\u021bia din La Palma\" data-summary=\"Vulcanul Cumbre Vieja a erupt timp de aproape trei luni.\" data-details=\"Lava a distrus mii de cl\u0103diri \u0219i a remodelat litoralul insulei.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">2021 \u2013 2021<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Erup\u021bia din La Palma<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"2022 \u2013 2022\" data-title=\"Legea memoriei democratice\" data-summary=\"Guvernul a extins politicile de recunoa\u0219tere \u0219i reparare a victimelor franchismului.\" data-details=\"Memoria R\u0103zboiului Civil \u0219i dictaturii a r\u0103mas profund politizat\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">2022 \u2013 2022<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Legea memoriei democratice<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"2023 \u2013 2023\" data-title=\"Alegerile din 2023 \u0219i blocajul politic\" data-summary=\"Nici dreapta, nici st\u00e2nga nu au ob\u021binut o majoritate simpl\u0103 clar\u0103.\" data-details=\"Negocierile cu partidele regionale au devenit decisive pentru formarea guvernului.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">2023 \u2013 2023<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Alegerile din 2023 \u0219i blocajul politic<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"2024 \u2013 2024\" data-title=\"Legea amnistiei pentru procesul catalan\" data-summary=\"Parlamentul a adoptat o lege de amnistie pentru fapte legate de procesul separatist catalan.\" data-details=\"M\u0103sura a provocat dispute constitu\u021bionale \u0219i proteste puternice.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">2024 \u2013 2024<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Legea amnistiei pentru procesul catalan<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"2018 \u2013 2026\" data-title=\"Spania \u0219i tranzi\u021bia energetic\u0103\" data-summary=\"\u021aara a accelerat dezvoltarea energiei eoliene \u0219i solare.\" data-details=\"Resursele regenerabile \u0219i interconect\u0103rile energetice au devenit componente importante ale strategiei economice.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">2018 \u2013 2026<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Spania \u0219i tranzi\u021bia energetic\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"2022 \u2013 2026\" data-title=\"Secet\u0103, ap\u0103 \u0219i agricultur\u0103\" data-summary=\"Secetele repetate au afectat rezervoarele \u0219i agricultura \u00een mai multe regiuni.\" data-details=\"Gestionarea apei a devenit o problem\u0103 strategic\u0103 \u0219i politic\u0103 major\u0103.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">2022 \u2013 2026<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Secet\u0103, ap\u0103 \u0219i agricultur\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"2015 \u2013 2026\" data-title=\"Turismul \u0219i presiunea urban\u0103\" data-summary=\"Recordurile de vizitatori au adus venituri mari, dar \u0219i proteste privind locuin\u021bele \u0219i supraturismul.\" data-details=\"Barcelona, insulele \u0219i marile ora\u0219e au introdus sau discutat m\u0103suri de control.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">2015 \u2013 2026<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Turismul \u0219i presiunea urban\u0103<\/span><\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-row\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-year=\"2026 \u2192\" data-title=\"Spania contemporan\u0103\" data-summary=\"Spania este o monarhie parlamentar\u0103 descentralizat\u0103, membr\u0103 a Uniunii Europene \u0219i NATO, cu Felipe VI ca rege.\" data-details=\"Modelul teritorial, locuin\u021bele, migra\u021bia, productivitatea, turismul, tranzi\u021bia energetic\u0103 \u0219i memoria dictaturii r\u0103m\u00e2n teme centrale.\"><span class=\"uih-pop-year\">2026 \u2192<\/span><span class=\"uih-pop-name\">Spania contemporan\u0103<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"uih-detail\" aria-live=\"polite\"><div class=\"uih-detail-head\"><div><span class=\"uih-detail-year\"><\/span><h4 class=\"uih-detail-title\"><\/h4><\/div><button type=\"button\" class=\"uih-detail-close\" aria-label=\"\u00cenchide detaliile\">\u00d7<\/button><\/div><p class=\"uih-detail-summary\"><\/p><p class=\"uih-detail-text\"><\/p><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2026-08-20-de-vazut-0001.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"716\" height=\"218\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2026-08-20-de-vazut-0001.jpg?resize=716%2C218&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-59064\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2026-08-20-de-vazut-0001.jpg?w=716&amp;ssl=1 716w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2026-08-20-de-vazut-0001.jpg?resize=300%2C91&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 716px) 100vw, 716px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Andaluzia maur\u0103 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Barcelona \u0219i modernismul catalan <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Madrid \u0219i marile muzee <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Camino de Santiago <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>satele, coastele \u0219i peisajele interioare <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2026-08-20-de-simtit-0001.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"732\" height=\"221\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2026-08-20-de-simtit-0001.jpg?resize=732%2C221&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-59063\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2026-08-20-de-simtit-0001.jpg?w=732&amp;ssl=1 732w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2026-08-20-de-simtit-0001.jpg?resize=300%2C91&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 732px) 100vw, 732px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>o sear\u0103 de tapas, din bar \u00een bar <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>flamenco \u00eentr-un loc mic \u0219i bun <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>paseo de sear\u0103 o fiesta local\u0103 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>o pia\u021b\u0103 spaniol\u0103 la ora la care \u00eencepe s\u0103 se umple <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2026-08-20-de-gustat-0001.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"732\" height=\"221\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2026-08-20-de-gustat-0001.jpg?resize=732%2C221&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-59065\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2026-08-20-de-gustat-0001.jpg?w=732&amp;ssl=1 732w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2026-08-20-de-gustat-0001.jpg?resize=300%2C91&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 732px) 100vw, 732px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>jam\u00f3n ib\u00e9rico <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tortilla espa\u00f1ola <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>paella <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pulpo a la gallega <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>churros con chocolate <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2026-08-20-de-traista-0001.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"732\" height=\"221\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2026-08-20-de-traista-0001.jpg?resize=732%2C221&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-59066\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2026-08-20-de-traista-0001.jpg?w=732&amp;ssl=1 732w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2026-08-20-de-traista-0001.jpg?resize=300%2C91&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 732px) 100vw, 732px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>damasquinado de Toledo <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ceramic\u0103 regional\u0103 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>un evantai frumos <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>obiecte din piele <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>textile regionale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#abb7c230\">Jurnal de c\u0103l\u0103torie \u0219i impresii din Spania<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:11px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#spania-tenerife\">2013 &#8211; Tenerife<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#spania-andaluzia\">2015 &#8211; Andaluzia<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#spania-catalonia\">2018 &#8211; Catalonia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"spania-tenerife\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2013 &#8211; Tenerife<\/h3>\n\n\n<style>.wp-show-posts-columns#wpsp-50633 {margin-left: -2em; }.wp-show-posts-columns#wpsp-50633 .wp-show-posts-inner {margin: 0 0 2em 2em; }<\/style><section id=\"wpsp-50633\" class=\" wp-show-posts-columns wp-show-posts\" style=\"\"><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single post-7704 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-spania category-calatorii category-europa category-tenerife wpsp-col-4\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/tenerife\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Hola Tenerife <\/br> <span style='font-size:13px;'>jurnal din Tenerife - cuv\u00e2nt \u00eenainte<\/span><\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-posted-on wp-show-posts-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/tenerife\/\" title=\"4:11 pm\" rel=\"bookmark\"><time class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-date published\" datetime=\"2013-09-22T16:11:07+02:00\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">22 septembrie 2013<\/time><time class=\"wp-show-posts-updated\" datetime=\"2026-07-11T09:50:00+02:00\" itemprop=\"dateModified\">11 iulie 2026<\/time><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-image  wpsp-image-center \">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/tenerife\/\"  title=\"Hola Tenerife  jurnal din Tenerife - cuv\u00e2nt \u00eenainte\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/2013-09-16-135-Tenerife-Playa-Paraiso1.jpg?fit=1000%2C750&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/2013-09-16-135-Tenerife-Playa-Paraiso1.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/2013-09-16-135-Tenerife-Playa-Paraiso1.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/2013-09-16-135-Tenerife-Playa-Paraiso1.jpg?resize=160%2C120&amp;ssl=1 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-summary\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e2teva zile mai friguroase \u0219i mohor\u00e2te \u0219i o privire aruncat\u0103 \u00een calendar mi-au reamintit trista realitate. Vara s-a terminat. Gata cu zilele lungi, pline de lumin\u0103 \u0219i pline de activit\u0103\u021bi&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-summary -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><\/article><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single post-7768 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-spania category-calatorii category-europa category-tenerife wpsp-col-4\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/gagalicei\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u00cen amintirea G\u00e2g\u00e2licei <\/br> <span style='font-size:13px;'>jurnal din Tenerife - capitolul 1<\/span><\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-posted-on wp-show-posts-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/gagalicei\/\" title=\"6:40 pm\" rel=\"bookmark\"><time class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-date published\" datetime=\"2013-09-26T18:40:24+02:00\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">26 septembrie 2013<\/time><time class=\"wp-show-posts-updated\" datetime=\"2026-07-11T09:49:21+02:00\" itemprop=\"dateModified\">11 iulie 2026<\/time><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-image  wpsp-image-center \">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/gagalicei\/\"  title=\"\u00cen amintirea G\u00e2g\u00e2licei  jurnal din Tenerife - capitolul 1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/2013-09-13-153-Tenerife-Cheia-Gagalicei.jpg?fit=500%2C375&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/2013-09-13-153-Tenerife-Cheia-Gagalicei.jpg?w=500&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/2013-09-13-153-Tenerife-Cheia-Gagalicei.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/2013-09-13-153-Tenerife-Cheia-Gagalicei.jpg?resize=160%2C120&amp;ssl=1 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-summary\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Iat\u0103 \u0219i cheia spre inima G\u00e2g\u00e2licei. Micu\u021ba \u0219i f\u00e2\u0219nea\u021ba japonez\u0103 mi-a fost prieten\u0103 credincioas\u0103 timp de trei zile \u0219i trei nop\u021bi. In parantez\u0103 fie spus, nop\u021bile ne odihneam \u0219i noi,&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-summary -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><\/article><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single post-7856 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-spania category-calatorii category-europa category-tenerife tag-palmares-natura-animale wpsp-col-4\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/ucenicie\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u00cen c\u0103utarea balenelor <\/br> <span style='font-size:13px;'>jurnal din Tenerife - capitolul 2<\/span><\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-posted-on wp-show-posts-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/ucenicie\/\" title=\"1:54 pm\" rel=\"bookmark\"><time class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-date published\" datetime=\"2013-09-29T13:54:28+02:00\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">29 septembrie 2013<\/time><time class=\"wp-show-posts-updated\" datetime=\"2026-07-11T09:48:44+02:00\" itemprop=\"dateModified\">11 iulie 2026<\/time><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-image  wpsp-image-center \">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/ucenicie\/\"  title=\"\u00cen c\u0103utarea balenelor  jurnal din Tenerife - capitolul 2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"684\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/2013-09-11-23-Tenerife-Dupa-balene-cu-Shogun1.jpg?fit=1000%2C684&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/2013-09-11-23-Tenerife-Dupa-balene-cu-Shogun1.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/2013-09-11-23-Tenerife-Dupa-balene-cu-Shogun1.jpg?resize=300%2C205&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-summary\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Recunosc, Tenerife se afla pe lista mea de 100(?) locuri de v\u0103zut \u00eentr-o via\u021b\u0103 datorit\u0103 balenelor. Citisem eu c\u0103 aceast\u0103 insul\u0103 se afl\u0103 amplasat\u0103 chiar pe bulevardul pe care migreaz\u0103&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-summary -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><\/article><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single post-7977 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-spania category-calatorii category-europa category-tenerife wpsp-col-4\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/parcul-loro\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Loro Parque <\/br> <span style='font-size:13px;'>jurnal din Tenerife - capitolul 3<\/span><\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-posted-on wp-show-posts-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/parcul-loro\/\" title=\"3:04 pm\" rel=\"bookmark\"><time class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-date published\" datetime=\"2013-10-06T15:04:08+02:00\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">6 octombrie 2013<\/time><time class=\"wp-show-posts-updated\" datetime=\"2026-07-11T09:48:03+02:00\" itemprop=\"dateModified\">11 iulie 2026<\/time><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-image  wpsp-image-center \">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/parcul-loro\/\"  title=\"Loro Parque  jurnal din Tenerife - capitolul 3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"723\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/2013-09-14-180-Tenerife-Parcul-Loro-2.jpg?fit=1000%2C723&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/2013-09-14-180-Tenerife-Parcul-Loro-2.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/2013-09-14-180-Tenerife-Parcul-Loro-2.jpg?resize=300%2C216&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-summary\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prin 1972 unui neam\u021b \u00eentreprinz\u0103tor , Wolfgang Kiessling pe numele lui \u0219i iubitor de papagali pesemne, i-a venit ideea de a \u00eenfiin\u021ba un sanctuar pentru aceste p\u0103s\u0103ri at\u00e2t de haioase&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-summary -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><\/article><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single post-8007 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-spania category-calatorii category-europa category-tenerife tag-palmares-natura-munti tag-palmares-patrimoniu-unesconatura wpsp-col-4\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/teide\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Pico del Teide <\/br> <span style='font-size:13px;'>jurnal din Tenerife - capitolul 4<\/span><\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-posted-on wp-show-posts-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/teide\/\" title=\"4:53 pm\" rel=\"bookmark\"><time class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-date published\" datetime=\"2013-10-19T16:53:35+02:00\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">19 octombrie 2013<\/time><time class=\"wp-show-posts-updated\" datetime=\"2026-07-14T14:42:09+02:00\" itemprop=\"dateModified\">14 iulie 2026<\/time><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-image  wpsp-image-center \">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/teide\/\"  title=\"Pico del Teide  jurnal din Tenerife - capitolul 4\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"662\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/2013-09-15-161-Tenerife-Parcul-National-Teide.jpg?fit=1000%2C662&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/2013-09-15-161-Tenerife-Parcul-National-Teide.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/2013-09-15-161-Tenerife-Parcul-National-Teide.jpg?resize=300%2C198&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/2013-09-15-161-Tenerife-Parcul-National-Teide.jpg?resize=120%2C80&amp;ssl=1 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-summary\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nu \u015ftiu al\u0163ii cum sunt, dar eu, c\u00e2nd m\u0103 g\u00e2ndesc la&nbsp;c\u0103l\u0103toriile mele, la evad\u0103rile mele din cotidian, din rutina zilnic\u0103 at\u00e2t de lini\u0219titoare c\u00e2teodat\u0103,&nbsp;de-a dreptul plictisitoare alt\u0103 dat\u0103, c\u00e2nd \u00eemi&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-summary -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><\/article><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single post-7942 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-spania category-calatorii category-europa category-tenerife wpsp-col-4\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/icod\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Icod de los Vinos <\/br> <span style='font-size:13px;'>jurnal din Tenerife - capitolul 5<\/span><\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-posted-on wp-show-posts-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/icod\/\" title=\"9:41 am\" rel=\"bookmark\"><time class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-date published\" datetime=\"2013-11-24T09:41:16+02:00\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">24 noiembrie 2013<\/time><time class=\"wp-show-posts-updated\" datetime=\"2026-07-11T09:46:56+02:00\" itemprop=\"dateModified\">11 iulie 2026<\/time><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-image  wpsp-image-center \">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/icod\/\"  title=\"Icod de los Vinos  jurnal din Tenerife - capitolul 5\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/2013-09-13-139-Tenerife-Icod-de-los-Vinos.jpg?fit=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/2013-09-13-139-Tenerife-Icod-de-los-Vinos.jpg?w=500&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/2013-09-13-139-Tenerife-Icod-de-los-Vinos.jpg?resize=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/2013-09-13-139-Tenerife-Icod-de-los-Vinos.jpg?resize=120%2C80&amp;ssl=1 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-summary\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Do\u00f1a Maria tres\u0103ri. A\u021bipise pu\u021bin dobor\u00e2t\u0103 de c\u0103ldura zilei \u0219i de oboseala unei nop\u021bi nedormite,&nbsp;dar acum ceasul din turla bisericii San Marcos o readuse la realitate. Seara \u00eencepuse s\u0103 se&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-summary -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><\/article><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single post-8226 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-spania category-calatorii category-europa category-tenerife wpsp-col-4\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/garachico\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Garachico <\/br> <span style='font-size:13px;'>jurnal din Tenerife - capitolul 6<\/span><\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-posted-on wp-show-posts-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/garachico\/\" title=\"7:08 am\" rel=\"bookmark\"><time class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-date published\" datetime=\"2014-04-29T07:08:04+02:00\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">29 aprilie 2014<\/time><time class=\"wp-show-posts-updated\" datetime=\"2026-07-11T09:46:18+02:00\" itemprop=\"dateModified\">11 iulie 2026<\/time><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-image  wpsp-image-center \">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/garachico\/\"  title=\"Garachico  jurnal din Tenerife - capitolul 6\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"464\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/2013-09-13-103-Tenerife-Garachico.jpg?fit=700%2C464&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/2013-09-13-103-Tenerife-Garachico.jpg?w=700&amp;ssl=1 700w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/2013-09-13-103-Tenerife-Garachico.jpg?resize=300%2C198&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-summary\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pitit&nbsp;\u00eentre Oceanul Atlantic \u0219i vulcanul Teide ce&nbsp;puf\u0103ie necontenit prin numeroasele sale n\u0103ri, or\u0103\u0219elul Garachico din nordul insulei Tenerife supravie\u021buie\u0219te \u0219i el cum poate, cu sabia lui Damocles at\u00e2rnat\u0103 deasupra capului&#8230;.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-summary -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><\/article><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single post-9466 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-spania category-calatorii category-europa category-tenerife wpsp-col-4\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/candelaria\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Candelaria <\/br> <span style='font-size:13px;'>jurnal din Tenerife - capitolul 7<\/span><\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-posted-on wp-show-posts-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/candelaria\/\" title=\"7:28 pm\" rel=\"bookmark\"><time class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-date published\" datetime=\"2014-05-29T19:28:08+02:00\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">29 mai 2014<\/time><time class=\"wp-show-posts-updated\" datetime=\"2026-07-11T09:45:50+02:00\" itemprop=\"dateModified\">11 iulie 2026<\/time><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-image  wpsp-image-center \">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/candelaria\/\"  title=\"Candelaria  jurnal din Tenerife - capitolul 7\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"331\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/2013-09-14-15-Tenerife-Candelaria.jpg?fit=500%2C331&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/2013-09-14-15-Tenerife-Candelaria.jpg?w=500&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/2013-09-14-15-Tenerife-Candelaria.jpg?resize=300%2C198&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-summary\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cen anul 1496, c\u00e2nd Alonso de Lugo cucerea insula Tenerife pentru coroana spaniol\u0103 dup\u0103 lupte cr\u00e2ncene duse cu popula\u021bia ba\u0219tina\u0219\u0103, statuia Fecioarei din Candelaria st\u0103tea deja de un veac \u00een&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-summary -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><\/article><div class=\"wpsp-clear\"><\/div><\/section><!-- .wp-show-posts -->\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"spania-andaluzia\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2015 &#8211; Andaluzia<\/h3>\n\n\n<style>.wp-show-posts-columns#wpsp-52423 {margin-left: -2em; }.wp-show-posts-columns#wpsp-52423 .wp-show-posts-inner {margin: 0 0 2em 2em; }<\/style><section id=\"wpsp-52423\" class=\" wp-show-posts-columns wp-show-posts\" style=\"\"><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single post-13353 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-spania category-andaluzia category-calatorii category-europa wpsp-col-4\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/malaga\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Malaga <\/br> <span style='font-size:13px;'>jurnal andaluz - capitolul 1<\/span><\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-posted-on wp-show-posts-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/malaga\/\" title=\"8:24 pm\" rel=\"bookmark\"><time class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-date published\" datetime=\"2015-10-31T20:24:55+02:00\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">31 octombrie 2015<\/time><time class=\"wp-show-posts-updated\" datetime=\"2026-07-11T09:45:12+02:00\" itemprop=\"dateModified\">11 iulie 2026<\/time><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-image  wpsp-image-center \">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/malaga\/\"  title=\"Malaga  jurnal andaluz - capitolul 1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/2015-10-08-Andaluzia2.jpg?fit=1024%2C640&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/2015-10-08-Andaluzia2.jpg?w=1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/2015-10-08-Andaluzia2.jpg?resize=300%2C188&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/2015-10-08-Andaluzia2.jpg?resize=110%2C70&amp;ssl=1 110w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-summary\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Joi 8 octombrie la pr\u00e2nz, aeroportul din Malaga, sectorul ridic\u0103rii bagajelor. M\u0103 uitam la banda care tocmai se oprise, lung\u0103, neagr\u0103, gola\u0219\u0103. Valiza mea, ia-o de unde nu-i. V\u0103d \u00een&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-summary -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><\/article><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single post-13351 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-spania category-andaluzia category-calatorii category-europa tag-palmares-locuri-sate tag-palmares-patrimoniu-sate wpsp-col-4\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/serrania-de-ronda\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Serran\u00eda de Ronda <\/br> <span style='font-size:13px;'>jurnal andaluz - capitolul 2<\/span><\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-posted-on wp-show-posts-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/serrania-de-ronda\/\" title=\"7:10 pm\" rel=\"bookmark\"><time class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-date published\" datetime=\"2015-11-21T19:10:52+02:00\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">21 noiembrie 2015<\/time><time class=\"wp-show-posts-updated\" datetime=\"2026-07-14T11:14:29+02:00\" itemprop=\"dateModified\">14 iulie 2026<\/time><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-image  wpsp-image-center \">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/serrania-de-ronda\/\"  title=\"Serran\u00eda de Ronda  jurnal andaluz - capitolul 2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"662\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/2015-10-09-09-Pueblos-Blancos.jpg?fit=1000%2C662&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/2015-10-09-09-Pueblos-Blancos.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/2015-10-09-09-Pueblos-Blancos.jpg?resize=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-summary\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vineri 9 octombrie, dis de diminea\u021b\u0103. Mai bine zis ora \u0219apte. Ne treziser\u0103m de ceva timp (dup\u0103 ora Romaniei, bine\u00een\u021beles) iar acum a\u0219teptam \u00een holul hotelului s\u0103 vin\u0103 careva s\u0103&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-summary -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><\/article><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single post-13355 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-spania category-andaluzia category-calatorii category-europa wpsp-col-4\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/sevilla\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Sevilla <\/br> <span style='font-size:13px;'>jurnal andaluz - capitolul 3<\/span><\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-posted-on wp-show-posts-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/sevilla\/\" title=\"6:08 pm\" rel=\"bookmark\"><time class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-date published\" datetime=\"2015-12-06T18:08:39+02:00\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">6 decembrie 2015<\/time><time class=\"wp-show-posts-updated\" datetime=\"2026-07-11T09:43:50+02:00\" itemprop=\"dateModified\">11 iulie 2026<\/time><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-image  wpsp-image-center \">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/sevilla\/\"  title=\"Sevilla  jurnal andaluz - capitolul 3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"662\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/2015-10-10-130-Sevilla-cristo-de-las-tres-caidas-triana.jpg?fit=1000%2C662&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/2015-10-10-130-Sevilla-cristo-de-las-tres-caidas-triana.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/2015-10-10-130-Sevilla-cristo-de-las-tres-caidas-triana.jpg?resize=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-summary\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sevilla ne-a \u00eent\u00e2mpinat cu zumzetul \u0219i agita\u021bia unui mare ora\u0219. Am ajuns&nbsp;vineri spre sear\u0103, lumea se preg\u0103tea de weekend, a\u0219a c\u0103 ne a\u0219teptam la o mare aglomera\u021bie. C\u00e2t timp am&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-summary -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><\/article><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single post-13361 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-spania category-andaluzia category-calatorii category-europa tag-palmares-locuri-sate tag-palmares-patrimoniu-sate wpsp-col-4\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/las-alpujarras\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Las Alpujarras <\/br> <span style='font-size:13px;'>jurnal andaluz - capitolul 4<\/span><\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-posted-on wp-show-posts-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/las-alpujarras\/\" title=\"6:08 pm\" rel=\"bookmark\"><time class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-date published\" datetime=\"2015-12-13T18:08:17+02:00\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">13 decembrie 2015<\/time><time class=\"wp-show-posts-updated\" datetime=\"2026-07-14T11:14:18+02:00\" itemprop=\"dateModified\">14 iulie 2026<\/time><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-image  wpsp-image-center \">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/las-alpujarras\/\"  title=\"Las Alpujarras  jurnal andaluz - capitolul 4\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"662\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/2015-10-11-45-Las-Alpujarras-Trevelez.jpg?fit=1000%2C662&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/2015-10-11-45-Las-Alpujarras-Trevelez.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/2015-10-11-45-Las-Alpujarras-Trevelez.jpg?resize=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-summary\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Duminic\u0103 11 Octombrie. Un ciclon afurisit, n\u0103scut zilele trecute tocmai \u00een mijlocul Atlanticului, voia musai s\u0103 ne strice ziua. Se-v\u00e2rtea nep\u0103s\u0103tor deasupra Angliei, Fran\u021bei, Portugaliei \u0219i a trei sferturi&nbsp;de Spanie&nbsp;m\u0103tur\u00e2nd&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-summary -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><\/article><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single post-13357 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-spania category-andaluzia category-calatorii category-europa wpsp-col-4\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/cordoba\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Cordoba <\/br> <span style='font-size:13px;'>jurnal andaluz - capitolul 5<\/span><\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-posted-on wp-show-posts-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/cordoba\/\" title=\"6:24 pm\" rel=\"bookmark\"><time class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-date published\" datetime=\"2015-12-24T18:24:30+02:00\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">24 decembrie 2015<\/time><time class=\"wp-show-posts-updated\" datetime=\"2026-07-11T09:42:32+02:00\" itemprop=\"dateModified\">11 iulie 2026<\/time><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-image  wpsp-image-center \">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/cordoba\/\"  title=\"Cordoba  jurnal andaluz - capitolul 5\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"662\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/2015-10-12-19-Cordoba.jpg?fit=1000%2C662&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/2015-10-12-19-Cordoba.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/2015-10-12-19-Cordoba.jpg?resize=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-summary\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Luni, 12 octombrie. Zi de s\u0103rb\u0103toare \u00een Spania, \u0219i zi liber\u0103, aniversarea debarc\u0103rii lui Cristofor Columb pe plajele din Dominica. Poate ar fi trebuit s\u0103 s\u0103rb\u0103torim momentul altfel. S\u0103 mergem&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-summary -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><\/article><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single post-13359 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-spania category-andaluzia category-calatorii category-europa wpsp-col-4\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/granada\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Granada <\/br> <span style='font-size:13px;'>jurnal andaluz - capitolul 6<\/span><\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-posted-on wp-show-posts-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/granada\/\" title=\"7:25 pm\" rel=\"bookmark\"><time class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-date published\" datetime=\"2015-12-25T19:25:03+02:00\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">25 decembrie 2015<\/time><time class=\"wp-show-posts-updated\" datetime=\"2026-07-11T09:41:56+02:00\" itemprop=\"dateModified\">11 iulie 2026<\/time><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-image  wpsp-image-center \">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/granada\/\"  title=\"Granada  jurnal andaluz - capitolul 6\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"662\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/2015-10-13-15-Granada-Albaicin-Mirador-San-Nicolas.jpg?fit=1000%2C662&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/2015-10-13-15-Granada-Albaicin-Mirador-San-Nicolas.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/2015-10-13-15-Granada-Albaicin-Mirador-San-Nicolas.jpg?resize=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-summary\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mar\u021bi 13 octombrie. Mai aveam la dispozi\u021bie dou\u0103 zile de colindat prin Al-Andalus, dup\u0103 care trebuia s\u0103 ne \u00eentoarcem acas\u0103. Planul nostru era s\u0103 \u00eengr\u0103m\u0103dim mar\u021bi o vizit\u0103 \u00een Granada&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-summary -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><\/article><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single post-13594 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-spania category-andaluzia category-calatorii category-europa wpsp-col-4\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/alhambra\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Alhambra <\/br> <span style='font-size:13px;'>jurnal andaluz - capitolul 7<\/span><\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-posted-on wp-show-posts-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/alhambra\/\" title=\"7:07 pm\" rel=\"bookmark\"><time class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-date published\" datetime=\"2015-12-30T19:07:51+02:00\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">30 decembrie 2015<\/time><time class=\"wp-show-posts-updated\" datetime=\"2026-07-11T09:41:12+02:00\" itemprop=\"dateModified\">11 iulie 2026<\/time><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-image  wpsp-image-center \">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/alhambra\/\"  title=\"Alhambra  jurnal andaluz - capitolul 7\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"662\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/2015-10-14-50-Granada-Alhambra-Palatul-Nasrid-21.jpg?fit=1000%2C662&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/2015-10-14-50-Granada-Alhambra-Palatul-Nasrid-21.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/2015-10-14-50-Granada-Alhambra-Palatul-Nasrid-21.jpg?resize=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-summary\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Miercuri, 14 Octombrie, ora cinci \u0219i un pic diminea\u021ba. Hotelul era pustiu, pe str\u0103zi nici \u021bipenie, doar noi b\u00e2jb\u00e2iam prin noaptea cea neagr\u0103, c\u0103ut\u00e2nd drumul spre Alhambra. Dup\u0103 p\u0103\u021bania de&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-summary -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><\/article><div class=\"wpsp-clear\"><\/div><\/section><!-- .wp-show-posts -->\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"spania-catalonia\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2018 &#8211; Catalonia<\/h3>\n\n\n<style>.wp-show-posts-columns#wpsp-52424 {margin-left: -2em; }.wp-show-posts-columns#wpsp-52424 .wp-show-posts-inner {margin: 0 0 2em 2em; }<\/style><section id=\"wpsp-52424\" class=\" wp-show-posts-columns wp-show-posts\" style=\"\"><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single post-25991 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-spania category-calatorii category-catalonia wpsp-col-4\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/barcelona\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Barcelona <\/br> <span style='font-size:13px;'>jurnal catalan - cuv\u00e2nt \u00eenainte<\/span><\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-posted-on wp-show-posts-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/barcelona\/\" title=\"4:17 pm\" rel=\"bookmark\"><time class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-date published\" datetime=\"2018-07-21T16:17:15+02:00\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">21 iulie 2018<\/time><time class=\"wp-show-posts-updated\" datetime=\"2026-07-11T09:40:35+02:00\" itemprop=\"dateModified\">11 iulie 2026<\/time><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-image  wpsp-image-center \">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/barcelona\/\"  title=\"Barcelona  jurnal catalan - cuv\u00e2nt \u00eenainte\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"662\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-06-01-0001-coperta-1.jpg?fit=1000%2C662&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-06-01-0001-coperta-1.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-06-01-0001-coperta-1.jpg?resize=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-06-01-0001-coperta-1.jpg?resize=768%2C508&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-summary\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Anul acesta Rusaliile ne-au prins la Barcelona, pe mama \u0219i pe mine. Am pl\u0103nuit excursia \u00eenc\u0103 din iarn\u0103 c\u00e2nd, ca un f\u0103cut, ora\u0219ul ne ie\u0219ea mereu \u00een cale, ba pe&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-summary -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><\/article><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single post-25803 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-spania category-calatorii category-catalonia wpsp-col-4\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/barcelona-barri-gotic\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Barcelona &#8211; Barri G\u00f2tic <\/br> <span style='font-size:13px;'>jurnal catalan - capitolul 1<\/span><\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-posted-on wp-show-posts-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/barcelona-barri-gotic\/\" title=\"8:51 am\" rel=\"bookmark\"><time class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-date published\" datetime=\"2018-07-22T08:51:55+02:00\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">22 iulie 2018<\/time><time class=\"wp-show-posts-updated\" datetime=\"2026-07-11T09:39:57+02:00\" itemprop=\"dateModified\">11 iulie 2026<\/time><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-image  wpsp-image-center \">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/barcelona-barri-gotic\/\"  title=\"Barcelona &#8211; Barri G\u00f2tic  jurnal catalan - capitolul 1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"662\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-06-01-0001-coperta.jpg?fit=1000%2C662&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-06-01-0001-coperta.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-06-01-0001-coperta.jpg?resize=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-06-01-0001-coperta.jpg?resize=768%2C508&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-summary\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>De c\u00e2nd a fost jefuit\u0103 ziua \u00een amiaza mare \u00een Bucure\u0219ti de c\u0103tre ni\u0219te cona\u021bionali, mama mea a c\u0103p\u0103tat o mic\u0103 fobie. Nu se mai las\u0103 convins\u0103 nicidecum s\u0103 se&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-summary -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><\/article><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single post-25781 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-spania category-calatorii category-catalonia wpsp-col-4\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/boqueria-vols-alguna-cosa-quieres-algo\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Boqueria &#8211; Vols alguna cosa? Quieres algo? <\/br> <span style='font-size:13px;'>jurnal catalan - capitolul 2<\/span><\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-posted-on wp-show-posts-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/boqueria-vols-alguna-cosa-quieres-algo\/\" title=\"12:16 pm\" rel=\"bookmark\"><time class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-date published\" datetime=\"2018-07-22T12:16:58+02:00\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">22 iulie 2018<\/time><time class=\"wp-show-posts-updated\" datetime=\"2026-07-11T09:39:23+02:00\" itemprop=\"dateModified\">11 iulie 2026<\/time><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-image  wpsp-image-center \">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/boqueria-vols-alguna-cosa-quieres-algo\/\"  title=\"Boqueria &#8211; Vols alguna cosa? Quieres algo?  jurnal catalan - capitolul 2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"662\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-05-28-0001-coperta.jpg?fit=1000%2C662&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-05-28-0001-coperta.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-05-28-0001-coperta.jpg?resize=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-05-28-0001-coperta.jpg?resize=768%2C508&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-summary\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Glumi\u021bi? Dac\u0103 vrem ceva din Mercat de la Boqueria ? Vrem, cum s\u0103 nu vrem. C\u00e2te un strop din toate tr\u0103zn\u0103ile prezente prin vitrine, dac\u0103 se poate&#8230; Bine c\u0103 n-am&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-summary -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><\/article><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single post-25843 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-spania category-calatorii category-catalonia wpsp-col-4\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/barcelona-si-zmeii-lui-antoni-gaudi\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Barcelona \u0219i Zmeii lui Antoni Gaudi <\/br> <span style='font-size:13px;'>jurnal catalan - capitolul 3<\/span><\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-posted-on wp-show-posts-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/barcelona-si-zmeii-lui-antoni-gaudi\/\" title=\"4:10 pm\" rel=\"bookmark\"><time class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-date published\" datetime=\"2018-08-15T16:10:51+02:00\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">15 august 2018<\/time><time class=\"wp-show-posts-updated\" datetime=\"2026-07-11T09:38:53+02:00\" itemprop=\"dateModified\">11 iulie 2026<\/time><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-image  wpsp-image-center \">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/barcelona-si-zmeii-lui-antoni-gaudi\/\"  title=\"Barcelona \u0219i Zmeii lui Antoni Gaudi  jurnal catalan - capitolul 3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"662\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-05-27-0001-coperta.jpg?fit=1000%2C662&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-05-27-0001-coperta.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-05-27-0001-coperta.jpg?resize=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-05-27-0001-coperta.jpg?resize=768%2C508&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-summary\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>N-a\u0219 vrea s-o lungesc prea mult ci doar s\u0103 povestesc cum i-am descoperit mama \u0219i cu mine pe zmeii lui Antoni Gaudi \u00een Barcelona, dar &#8230; A fost odat\u0103 ca&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-summary -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><\/article><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single post-25875 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-spania category-calatorii category-catalonia wpsp-col-4\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/sagrada-familia\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Sagrada Familia <\/br> <span style='font-size:13px;'>jurnal catalan - capitolul 4<\/span><\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-posted-on wp-show-posts-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/sagrada-familia\/\" title=\"5:34 pm\" rel=\"bookmark\"><time class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-date published\" datetime=\"2018-08-26T17:34:32+02:00\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">26 august 2018<\/time><time class=\"wp-show-posts-updated\" datetime=\"2026-07-11T09:38:07+02:00\" itemprop=\"dateModified\">11 iulie 2026<\/time><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-image  wpsp-image-center \">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/sagrada-familia\/\"  title=\"Sagrada Familia  jurnal catalan - capitolul 4\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"662\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-05-27-0001-coperta-1.jpg?fit=1000%2C662&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-05-27-0001-coperta-1.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-05-27-0001-coperta-1.jpg?resize=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-05-27-0001-coperta-1.jpg?resize=768%2C508&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-summary\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Crea\u021bia lucreaz\u0103 ne\u00eencetat prin om. Dar omul nu creeaz\u0103, el descoper\u0103. Cei care caut\u0103 \u00een legile Naturii sprijin pentru noua lor oper\u0103 colaboreaz\u0103 cu Creatorul. &#8211; Antoni Gaudi Am ajuns&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-summary -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><\/article><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single post-25695 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-spania category-calatorii category-catalonia wpsp-col-4\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/montserrat\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Montserrat <\/br> <span style='font-size:13px;'>jurnal catalan - capitolul 5<\/span><\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-posted-on wp-show-posts-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/montserrat\/\" title=\"1:33 pm\" rel=\"bookmark\"><time class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-date published\" datetime=\"2018-08-31T13:33:35+02:00\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">31 august 2018<\/time><time class=\"wp-show-posts-updated\" datetime=\"2026-07-11T09:37:28+02:00\" itemprop=\"dateModified\">11 iulie 2026<\/time><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-image  wpsp-image-center \">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/montserrat\/\"  title=\"Montserrat  jurnal catalan - capitolul 5\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"662\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-05-30-0001-coperta.jpg?fit=1000%2C662&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-05-30-0001-coperta.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-05-30-0001-coperta.jpg?resize=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-05-30-0001-coperta.jpg?resize=768%2C508&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-summary\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rosa d\u2019abril, Morena de la serra, de Montserrat estel, il\u00b7lumineu la catalana terra, guieu-nos cap al Cel. Virolai,&nbsp;&nbsp;Jacint Verdaguer Iat\u0103-ne ajunse \u0219i la Santa Maria de Montserrat, inima pururea t\u00e2n\u0103r\u0103,&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-summary -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><\/article><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single post-25720 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-spania category-calatorii category-catalonia wpsp-col-4\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/girona\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Girona <\/br> <span style='font-size:13px;'>jurnal catalan - capitolul 6<\/span><\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-posted-on wp-show-posts-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/girona\/\" title=\"8:05 pm\" rel=\"bookmark\"><time class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-date published\" datetime=\"2018-09-30T20:05:13+02:00\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">30 septembrie 2018<\/time><time class=\"wp-show-posts-updated\" datetime=\"2026-07-11T09:36:55+02:00\" itemprop=\"dateModified\">11 iulie 2026<\/time><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-image  wpsp-image-center \">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/girona\/\"  title=\"Girona  jurnal catalan - capitolul 6\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"662\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-05-31-0001-coperta.jpg?fit=1000%2C662&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-05-31-0001-coperta.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-05-31-0001-coperta.jpg?resize=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-05-31-0001-coperta.jpg?resize=768%2C508&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-summary\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hoin\u0103rind prin Catalunya, o alt\u0103 zi petrecut\u0103 \u00een afara Barcelonei. Agen\u021bia organizatoare de excursii autohtone care ne-a dus ziua precedent\u0103 la Montserrat ne-a momit cu o a doua escapad\u0103. O&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-summary -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><\/article><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single post-25745 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-spania category-calatorii category-catalonia wpsp-col-4\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/figueres\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Figueres <\/br> <span style='font-size:13px;'>jurnal catalan - capitolul 7<\/span><\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-posted-on wp-show-posts-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/figueres\/\" title=\"6:41 pm\" rel=\"bookmark\"><time class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-date published\" datetime=\"2018-10-07T18:41:01+02:00\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">7 octombrie 2018<\/time><time class=\"wp-show-posts-updated\" datetime=\"2026-07-11T09:36:25+02:00\" itemprop=\"dateModified\">11 iulie 2026<\/time><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-image  wpsp-image-center \">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/figueres\/\"  title=\"Figueres  jurnal catalan - capitolul 7\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"662\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-05-31-0001-coperta-1.jpg?fit=1000%2C662&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-05-31-0001-coperta-1.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-05-31-0001-coperta-1.jpg?resize=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2018-05-31-0001-coperta-1.jpg?resize=768%2C508&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-summary\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Greu cu geniile astea ! Pentru c\u0103 nu fac parte din tagma lor, eu una am oare\u0219icare probleme c\u00e2nd e vorba s\u0103 le descifrez mesajele. Recunosc, de cele mai multe&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-summary -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><\/article><div class=\"wpsp-clear\"><\/div><\/section><!-- .wp-show-posts -->\n<div class='watch-action'><div class='watch-position align-left'><div class='action-like'><a class='lbg-style1 like-50570 jlk' href='javascript:void(0)' data-task='like' data-post_id='50570' data-nonce='d55b3b11ed' rel='nofollow'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" class='wti-pixel' src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/plugins\/wti-like-post\/images\/pixel.gif?w=960&#038;ssl=1\" title='Like' \/><span class='lc-50570 lc'>0<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='action-unlike'><a class='unlbg-style1 unlike-50570 jlk' href='javascript:void(0)' data-task='unlike' data-post_id='50570' data-nonce='d55b3b11ed' rel='nofollow'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" class='wti-pixel' src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/plugins\/wti-like-post\/images\/pixel.gif?w=960&#038;ssl=1\" title='Unlike' \/><span class='unlc-50570 unlc'>0<\/span><\/a><\/div> <\/div> <div class='status-50570 status align-left'><\/div><\/div><div class='wti-clear'><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O \u021bar\u0103 care arde \u00eencet,se destram\u0103 \u0219i se recompune,tr\u0103ind mereudin propria cenu\u0219\u0103,f\u0103r\u0103 a se vindeca pe deplin,dar nici a se r\u0103ci vreodat\u0103. Jurnal de c\u0103l\u0103torie \u0219i impresii din Spania 2013 &#8211; Tenerife 2015 &#8211; Andaluzia 2018 &#8211; Catalonia 0 0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":52032,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-50570","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>&#x1f1ea;&#x1f1f8; Spania - impresii \u0219i jurnal de c\u0103l\u0103torie - Uli\u021barnica<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Impresii \u0219i jurnal de c\u0103l\u0103torie din Spania. 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